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UNIWA

UNIVERSITY OF WEST ATTICA
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS

University of West Attica · Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics


Logic Design

Adders Deductors

Vasileios Evangelos Athanasiou
Student ID: 19390005

GitHub · LinkedIn


Supervision

Supervisor: Konstantinos Efstathiou, Professor

UNIWA Profile

Supervisor: Ioannis Amorginos, Applications Lecturer

UNIWA Profile · LinkedIn

Co-supervisor: Eleni Tsalera, Academic Scholar

UNIWA Profile · Scholar

Co-supervisor: Anastasios Tsilikounas, Laboratory Teaching Staff

UNIWA Profile · LinkedIn


Athens, April 2021



README

Adders Deductors

This repository contains the documentation and implementation details for Workshop 2 of the Digital Design course at the University of West Attica, Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering.

The project focuses on the theoretical analysis, simulation, and implementation of basic arithmetic logic circuits used in digital systems.


Table of Contents

Section Folder/File Description
1 assign/ Assignment material for the Adders and Deductors workshop
1.1 assign/ASSIGNMENT 2.pdf Assignment description in English
1.2 assign/ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ 2.pdf Assignment description in Greek
2 docs/ Documentation covering adders and deductors theory and implementations
2.1 docs/Adders-Deductors.pdf English documentation for adders and deductors
2.2 docs/Αθροιστές-Αφαιρέτες.pdf Greek documentation for adders and deductors
3 multisim/ Multisim circuit simulation files
3.1 multisim/semiAdder.ms14 Half (semi) adder circuit simulation
3.2 multisim/fullAdder.ms14 Full adder circuit simulation
3.3 multisim/semiDeductor.ms14 Half (semi) subtractor circuit simulation
3.4 multisim/fullDeductor.ms14 Full subtractor circuit simulation
3.5 multisim/adder4Bits.ms14 4-bit adder circuit simulation
4 README.md Project documentation
5 INSTALL.md Usage instructions

1. Overview

The workshop covers the design and operation of four fundamental digital circuits used for binary arithmetic:

  • Half Adder
  • Half Subtractor
  • Full Adder
  • Full Subtractor

For each circuit, the project includes:

  • Truth tables
  • Logical equations
  • Multisim simulations
  • Physical implementation descriptions

2. Implementation Details

The circuits were designed and simulated using NI Multisim.

2.1 Components Used

  • Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOR, NAND, XOR, XNOR, NOT
  • Hardware Emulation Components:
    • VCC sources (5V)
    • Ground connections
    • Wires
    • Lamps (2.5V)
    • Switches
  • Measurement Tools:
    • Oscilloscope for signal analysis

3. Logic Levels

Logic State Voltage Range
Logic 0 0V – 0.5V (Ground)
Logic 1 2.7V – 5V (VCC)

4. Circuit Specifications

4.1 Half Adder

The Half Adder calculates the Sum (S) and Carry (C) of two one-bit binary inputs X and Y.

4.1.1 Logical Equations

  • Sum:

$$ S = \overline{X}Y + X\overline{Y} = X \oplus Y $$

  • Carry:

$$ C = X \cdot Y $$

4.1.2 Truth Table

X Y S (Sum) C (Carry)
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
1 1 0 1

5. Half Subtractor

The Half Subtractor calculates the Difference (D) and Borrow (B) between two one-bit binary inputs X and Y.

5.1 Logical Equations

  • Difference:

$$ D = \overline{X}Y + X\overline{Y} = X \oplus Y $$

  • Borrow:

$$ B = \overline{X} \cdot Y $$

5.2 Truth Table

X Y D (Difference) B (Borrow)
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0

6. Full Adder

The Full Adder calculates the sum of three one-bit inputs: X, Y, and Carry-in (Cin).

Outputs:

  • Sum (S)
  • Carry-out (Cout)

Logical equations:

$$ S = X \oplus Y \oplus Cin $$

$$ Cout = XY + Cin(X \oplus Y) $$


7. Full Subtractor

The Full Subtractor performs subtraction including a Borrow-in (Bin) input.

Outputs:

  • Difference (D)
  • Borrow-out (Bout)

Logical equations:

$$ D = X \oplus Y \oplus Bin $$

$$ Bout = \overline{X}Y + Bin(\overline{X} \oplus Y) $$


8. Conclusion

This workshop demonstrates the construction and operation of basic arithmetic circuits forming the foundation of Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) in modern processors. The simulations and implementations help reinforce understanding of binary arithmetic and digital circuit behavior.

About

Digital Design laboratory project demonstrating binary arithmetic circuits, including Half Adder, Full Adder, Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor, with interactive NI Multisim simulations, truth tables, and logical equation analysis (Logic Design, UNIWA).

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