chore: upgrade centraldashboard-angular to Angular 16

[naman9271]

Summary

Upgrade centraldashboard-angular/frontend from Angular 14 to Angular 16 with minimal functional changes.

Scope

• Upgrade Angular/CLI/Material/CDK and related tooling
• Update TypeScript and compiler settings for Angular 16
• Update webpack config for modern compatibility
• Apply strict typing fixes required by TS 4.9+
• Keep app behavior unchanged

Validation

• npm run build-library
• ng build
• ng lint
• ng test --no-watch --browsers ChromeHeadlessNoSandbox (24 passing)

Notes

• Bundle budget warning remains (non-blocking): initial bundle exceeds configured threshold.
• kubeflow local fallback stub added for environments where the common lib is not linked.

[naman9271]

/assign