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Update zaawansowane.js
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‎h-sharp/sections-js/zaawansowane.js‎

Lines changed: 80 additions & 111 deletions
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window.__HL_SECTIONS = window.__HL_SECTIONS || {};
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window.__HL_SECTIONS['zaawansowane'] = `
3-
<!-- ─ UNSAFE + ARENA ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -->
43
<div class="section" id="unsafe">
54
<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">16</span><h2>Unsafe &amp; Arena Allocator</h2></div>
6-
<p>Bloki <code>unsafe</code> pozwalają na niskopoziomowe operacje poza systemem bezpieczeństwa pamięci. <code>unsafe arena(N)</code> daje arena allocator — wszystkie alokacje wewnątrz bloku pochodzą z puli N bajtów i są zwalniane en-bloc po wyjściu z bloku.</p>
5+
<p>Bloki <code>unsafe is...end</code> wyłączają sprawdzanie pamięci. <code>arena(N)</code> daje pulę N bajtów — wszystkie alokacje z bloku zwalniane en-bloc.</p>
76
<table class="ref-table">
87
<tr><th>Składnia</th><th>Opis</th></tr>
9-
<tr><td><span class="td-syntax">unsafe do...end</span></td><td class="td-desc">Blok bez arena — niskopoziomowe operacje</td></tr>
10-
<tr><td><span class="td-syntax">unsafe arena do...end</span></td><td class="td-desc">Blok z arena allocatorem (domyślny rozmiar 1MB)</td></tr>
11-
<tr><td><span class="td-syntax">unsafe arena(65536) do...end</span></td><td class="td-desc">Arena o konkretnym rozmiarze w bajtach</td></tr>
12-
<tr><td><span class="td-syntax">fn unsafe nazwa() do...end</span></td><td class="td-desc">Funkcja oznaczona jako unsafe</td></tr>
8+
<tr><td class="td-syntax">unsafe is...end</td><td class="td-desc">Blok bez arena — niskopoziomowe operacje</td></tr>
9+
<tr><td class="td-syntax">unsafe arena is...end</td><td class="td-desc">Arena 1MB (domyślnie)</td></tr>
10+
<tr><td class="td-syntax">unsafe arena(N) is...end</td><td class="td-desc">Arena N bajtów</td></tr>
11+
<tr><td class="td-syntax">unsafe manual is...end</td><td class="td-desc">Ręczne malloc/free</td></tr>
1312
</table>
1413
<div class="code-block">
1514
<div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">unsafe.h#</span><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div>
16-
<div class="code-body"><div class="line-nums"><span>1</span><span>2</span><span>3</span><span>4</span><span>5</span><span>6</span><span>7</span><span>8</span><span>9</span><span>10</span><span>11</span><span>12</span><span>13</span><span>14</span><span>15</span><span>16</span><span>17</span><span>18</span><span>19</span><span>20</span><span>21</span><span>22</span><span>23</span><span>24</span><span>25</span></div>
17-
<div class="code-inner"><pre><span class="t-comment"># ── Arena na domyślnym rozmiarze ─────────────────</span>
18-
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">process_buffer</span>() <span class="t-kw">do</span>
19-
<span class="t-kw">unsafe</span> arena <span class="t-kw">do</span>
20-
<span class="t-comment"># alokacje tu z puli 1MB</span>
21-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> buf: bytes = [<span class="t-num">0</span>, <span class="t-num">1</span>, <span class="t-num">2</span>, <span class="t-num">3</span>]
22-
println(buf.to_hex())
23-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
24-
<span class="t-comment"># buf automatycznie zwolniony — cała arena razem</span>
15+
<div class="code-body"><div class="code-inner"><pre><span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">process_packet</span>(data: bytes) <span class="t-kw">is</span>
16+
<span class="t-comment">;; Arena 64KB — alokacje zwalniane po wyjściu z bloku</span>
17+
<span class="t-kw">unsafe</span> arena(<span class="t-num">65536</span>) <span class="t-kw">is</span>
18+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> buf: string = <span class="t-str">"DE AD BE EF"</span>
19+
write(<span class="t-str">"Packet: "</span> + buf)
20+
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
21+
<span class="t-comment">;; buf automatycznie zwolniony</span>
2522
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
2623
27-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Arena z konkretnym rozmiarem (64KB) ──────────</span>
28-
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">analyze_packet</span>(data: bytes) <span class="t-kw">do</span>
29-
<span class="t-kw">unsafe</span> arena(<span class="t-num">65536</span>) <span class="t-kw">do</span>
30-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> raw: bytes = data
31-
println(<span class="t-str">"Dane: "</span> + raw.to_hex())
32-
<span class="t-comment"># przetwarzaj pakiet...</span>
33-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
24+
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">raw_ops</span>() <span class="t-kw">is</span>
25+
<span class="t-kw">unsafe</span> <span class="t-kw">is</span>
26+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> ptr_val: u64 = <span class="t-num">0xDEADBEEF</span>
27+
write(<span class="t-str">"raw ptr: "</span> + to_string(ptr_val))
28+
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
3429
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
3530
36-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Unsafe bez areny ──────────────────────────────</span>
37-
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">raw_op</span>() <span class="t-kw">do</span>
38-
<span class="t-kw">unsafe</span> <span class="t-kw">do</span>
39-
<span class="t-comment"># niskopoziomowe operacje bez sprawdzania granic</span>
40-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> ptr_val: u64 = <span class="t-num">0xDEADBEEF</span>
41-
println(<span class="t-str">"Raw: "</span> + to_string(ptr_val))
42-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
31+
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">main</span>() <span class="t-kw">is</span>
32+
process_packet([])
33+
raw_ops()
34+
35+
<span class="t-comment">;; Dla cybersec: przetwarzanie pakietów w arena</span>
36+
<span class="t-kw">unsafe</span> arena(<span class="t-num">1048576</span>) <span class="t-kw">is</span>
37+
write(<span class="t-str">"1MB arena dla buforów sieciowych"</span>)
38+
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
4339
<span class="t-kw">end</span></pre></div></div>
4440
</div>
45-
<div class="callout c-danger"><div class="ci">⚠</div><div class="cb"><strong>Uwaga:</strong> Bloki <code>unsafe</code> wyłączają sprawdzanie bezpieczeństwa pamięci kompilatora. Używaj tylko gdy wiesz co robisz — np. przy FFI z bibliotekami C lub przy krytycznej optymalizacji wydajności.</div></div>
41+
<div class="callout c-danger"><div class="ci">⚠</div><div class="cb"><strong>Uwaga:</strong> Bloki <code>unsafe</code> wyłączają sprawdzanie granic i ownership. Używaj tylko przy FFI z C lub przy krytycznej optymalizacji.</div></div>
4642
</div>
4743
48-
<!-- ─ OPTIONAL / PROPAGACJA BŁĘDÓW ─────────────────────────────────────── -->
4944
<div class="section" id="optional">
50-
<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">17</span><h2>Optional &amp; propagacja błędów</h2></div>
51-
<p>H# używa <code>T?</code> dla typów opcjonalnych i operatora <code>?</code> do propagacji nil w górę callstack. Podobnie jak <code>?</code> w Rust dla <code>Option</code>.</p>
45+
<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">17</span><h2>Optional &amp; propagacja nil</h2></div>
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<div class="code-block">
5347
<div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">optional.h#</span><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div>
54-
<div class="code-body"><div class="line-nums"><span>1</span><span>2</span><span>3</span><span>4</span><span>5</span><span>6</span><span>7</span><span>8</span><span>9</span><span>10</span><span>11</span><span>12</span><span>13</span><span>14</span><span>15</span><span>16</span><span>17</span><span>18</span><span>19</span><span>20</span><span>21</span><span>22</span><span>23</span><span>24</span><span>25</span><span>26</span><span>27</span><span>28</span></div>
55-
<div class="code-inner"><pre><span class="t-comment"># ── Funkcja zwracająca optional ───────────────────</span>
56-
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">find_user</span>(id: int) -> string? <span class="t-kw">do</span>
57-
<span class="t-kw">if</span> id <= <span class="t-num">0</span> <span class="t-kw">do</span>
58-
return <span class="t-kw">nil</span>
59-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
60-
return <span class="t-str">"user_"</span> + to_string(id)
48+
<div class="code-body"><div class="code-inner"><pre><span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">find_user</span>(id: int) -> string? <span class="t-kw">is</span>
49+
<span class="t-kw">if</span> id <= <span class="t-num">0</span> <span class="t-kw">is</span>
50+
return <span class="t-kw">nil</span>
51+
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
52+
return <span class="t-str">"user_"</span> + to_string(id)
6153
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
6254
63-
<span class="t-comment"># ── parse_int zwraca int? ─────────────────────────</span>
64-
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">safe_parse</span>(s: string) -> int? <span class="t-kw">do</span>
65-
return parse_int(s) <span class="t-comment"># nil jeśli nie da się sparsować</span>
66-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
67-
68-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Sprawdzanie nil ───────────────────────────────</span>
69-
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">main</span>() <span class="t-kw">do</span>
70-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> user: string? = find_user(<span class="t-num">5</span>)
71-
<span class="t-kw">if</span> user != <span class="t-kw">nil</span> <span class="t-kw">do</span>
72-
println(<span class="t-str">"Znaleziono: "</span> + user)
73-
<span class="t-kw">else</span> <span class="t-kw">do</span>
74-
println(<span class="t-str">"Nie znaleziono"</span>)
75-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
76-
77-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Operator ? — propagacja nil w górę ──────────</span>
78-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> n: int? = parse_int(<span class="t-str">"42"</span>)
79-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> val: int = n? <span class="t-comment"># jeśli nil — funkcja zwraca nil</span>
80-
println(to_string(val))
81-
82-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Łańcuch z ? ──────────────────────────────────</span>
83-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> u = find_user(<span class="t-num">10</span>)? <span class="t-comment"># propaguj nil dalej</span>
55+
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">main</span>() <span class="t-kw">is</span>
56+
<span class="t-comment">;; Sprawdzenie nil</span>
57+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> u: string? = find_user(<span class="t-num">5</span>)
58+
<span class="t-kw">if</span> u != <span class="t-kw">nil</span> <span class="t-kw">is</span>
59+
write(<span class="t-str">"Znaleziono: "</span> + u)
60+
<span class="t-kw">else</span> <span class="t-kw">is</span>
61+
write(<span class="t-str">"Brak użytkownika"</span>)
62+
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
63+
64+
<span class="t-comment">;; Propagacja nil — operator ?</span>
65+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> n: int? = parse_int(<span class="t-str">"42"</span>)
66+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> val = n? <span class="t-comment">;; jeśli nil — funkcja zwraca nil</span>
67+
write(to_string(val))
8468
<span class="t-kw">end</span></pre></div></div>
8569
</div>
8670
</div>
8771
88-
<!-- ─ GENERICS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -->
8972
<div class="section" id="generics">
9073
<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">18</span><h2>Generics</h2></div>
91-
<p>Typy i funkcje generyczne — parametryzowane typem T. Składnia: <code>struct Nazwa&lt;T&gt;</code>, <code>fn nazwa&lt;T&gt;</code>. Dostępne standardowe kontenery generyczne: <code>Vec&lt;T&gt;</code>, <code>Map&lt;K,V&gt;</code>.</p>
9274
<div class="code-block">
9375
<div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">generics.h#</span><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div>
94-
<div class="code-body"><div class="line-nums"><span>1</span><span>2</span><span>3</span><span>4</span><span>5</span><span>6</span><span>7</span><span>8</span><span>9</span><span>10</span><span>11</span><span>12</span><span>13</span><span>14</span><span>15</span><span>16</span><span>17</span><span>18</span><span>19</span><span>20</span><span>21</span><span>22</span><span>23</span><span>24</span><span>25</span></div>
95-
<div class="code-inner"><pre><span class="t-comment"># ── Generyczna struct ─────────────────────────────</span>
96-
<span class="t-kw">struct</span> Pair&lt;A, B&gt; <span class="t-kw">do</span>
97-
<span class="t-kw">pub</span> first: A
98-
<span class="t-kw">pub</span> second: B
76+
<div class="code-body"><div class="code-inner"><pre><span class="t-comment">;; Generyczna struct</span>
77+
<span class="t-kw">struct</span> Pair&lt;A, B&gt; <span class="t-kw">is</span>
78+
<span class="t-kw">pub</span> first: A
79+
<span class="t-kw">pub</span> second: B
9980
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
10081
101-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Generyczna funkcja ────────────────────────────</span>
102-
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">first</span>&lt;T&gt;(arr: [T]) -> T? <span class="t-kw">do</span>
103-
<span class="t-kw">if</span> len(arr) == <span class="t-num">0</span> <span class="t-kw">do</span>
104-
return <span class="t-kw">nil</span>
82+
<span class="t-comment">;; Generyczna funkcja</span>
83+
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">first</span>&lt;T&gt;(arr: [T]) -> T? <span class="t-kw">is</span>
84+
<span class="t-kw">if</span> len(arr) == <span class="t-num">0</span> <span class="t-kw">is</span> return <span class="t-kw">nil</span> <span class="t-kw">end</span>
85+
return arr[<span class="t-num">0</span>]
10586
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
106-
return arr[<span class="t-num">0</span>]
107-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
108-
109-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Typy generyczne std ───────────────────────────</span>
110-
<span class="t-comment"># Vec&lt;T&gt; — dynamiczna tablica</span>
111-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> v: Vec&lt;int&gt; = Vec::new()
112-
113-
<span class="t-comment"># Map&lt;K,V&gt; — mapa klucz-wartość</span>
114-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> m: Map&lt;string, int&gt; = Map::new()
11587
116-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Użycie Pair ─────────────────────────────────</span>
117-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> addr: Pair&lt;string, int&gt; = Pair {
118-
first: <span class="t-str">"192.168.1.1"</span>,
119-
second: <span class="t-num">8080</span>
120-
}
121-
println(addr.first + <span class="t-str">":"</span> + to_string(addr.second))</pre></div></div>
88+
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">main</span>() <span class="t-kw">is</span>
89+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> addr: Pair&lt;string, int&gt; = Pair {
90+
first: <span class="t-str">"192.168.1.1"</span>,
91+
second: <span class="t-num">8080</span>
92+
}
93+
write(addr.first + <span class="t-str">":"</span> + to_string(addr.second))
94+
<span class="t-kw">end</span></pre></div></div>
12295
</div>
12396
</div>
12497
125-
<!-- ─ CLOSURES ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -->
12698
<div class="section" id="closures">
127-
<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">19</span><h2>Closures (domknięcia)</h2></div>
128-
<p>Funkcje anonimowe. Składnia: <code>|params| -> typ do...end</code> lub skrótowo <code>|params| wyrażenie</code>. Domykają zmienne z otaczającego zakresu.</p>
99+
<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">19</span><h2>Closures</h2></div>
129100
<div class="code-block">
130101
<div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">closures.h#</span><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div>
131-
<div class="code-body"><div class="line-nums"><span>1</span><span>2</span><span>3</span><span>4</span><span>5</span><span>6</span><span>7</span><span>8</span><span>9</span><span>10</span><span>11</span><span>12</span><span>13</span><span>14</span><span>15</span><span>16</span><span>17</span><span>18</span><span>19</span><span>20</span></div>
132-
<div class="code-inner"><pre><span class="t-comment"># ── Prosta closure ────────────────────────────────</span>
133-
<span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">main</span>() <span class="t-kw">do</span>
134-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> podwoj = |x: int| -> int <span class="t-kw">do</span>
135-
return x * <span class="t-num">2</span>
136-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
137-
138-
println(to_string(podwoj(<span class="t-num">21</span>))) <span class="t-comment"># 42</span>
139-
140-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Domknięcie zmiennej zewnętrznej ──────────────</span>
141-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> mnoznik: int = <span class="t-num">3</span>
142-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> trojkrotnosc = |x: int| -> int <span class="t-kw">do</span>
143-
return x * mnoznik <span class="t-comment"># domknięcie mnoznik</span>
144-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
145-
println(to_string(trojkrotnosc(<span class="t-num">7</span>))) <span class="t-comment"># 21</span>
146-
147-
<span class="t-comment"># ── Przekazywanie jako argument ───────────────────</span>
148-
<span class="t-kw">let</span> porty: [int] = [<span class="t-num">22</span>, <span class="t-num">80</span>, <span class="t-num">443</span>]
149-
<span class="t-kw">for</span> p <span class="t-kw">in</span> porty <span class="t-kw">do</span>
150-
println(to_string(podwoj(p)))
151-
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
102+
<div class="code-body"><div class="code-inner"><pre><span class="t-kw">fn</span> <span class="t-func">main</span>() <span class="t-kw">is</span>
103+
<span class="t-comment">;; Prosta closure</span>
104+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> double = |x: int| -> int <span class="t-kw">is</span>
105+
return x * <span class="t-num">2</span>
106+
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
107+
write(to_string(double(<span class="t-num">21</span>))) <span class="t-comment">;; 42</span>
108+
109+
<span class="t-comment">;; Domknięcie zmiennej zewnętrznej</span>
110+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> mult: int = <span class="t-num">3</span>
111+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> triple = |x: int| -> int <span class="t-kw">is</span>
112+
return x * mult
113+
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
114+
write(to_string(triple(<span class="t-num">7</span>))) <span class="t-comment">;; 21</span>
115+
116+
<span class="t-comment">;; Użycie w pętli</span>
117+
<span class="t-kw">let</span> ports: [int] = [<span class="t-num">22</span>, <span class="t-num">80</span>, <span class="t-num">443</span>]
118+
<span class="t-kw">for</span> p <span class="t-kw">in</span> ports <span class="t-kw">is</span>
119+
write(to_string(double(p)))
120+
<span class="t-kw">end</span>
152121
<span class="t-kw">end</span></pre></div></div>
153122
</div>
154123
</div>

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