pywwwget_merged.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# NOTE: This is a merged build based on the more feature-rich v35 ('clean') module,
# with targeted improvements from the v36 'opt' variant (notably improved LAN IP detection
# for print_url and other small robustness tweaks), while keeping the richer URL query options.
"""
pywwwgetadv_clean.py

A small, self-contained subset of PyNeoWWW-Get style helpers that keeps the same
public API shape you were using:

- download_file_from_internet_file(url, headers=..., usehttp=...)
- download_file_from_internet_bytes(url, headers=..., usehttp=...)
- upload_file_to_internet_file(fileobj, url)
- upload_file_to_internet_bytes(bytestr, url)

Plus protocol-specific helpers (http/ftp/ftps/sftp/tcp/udp) and detect_cwd_ftp().

Design goals:
- Python 2.7 + Python 3.x compatible
- Minimal dependencies (stdlib first; requests/httpx/mechanize/paramiko/pysftp optional)
- TCP: stream + explicit end (FIN)
- UDP: reliable "udpseq" mode with explicit DONE frame (no silence wait), plus resume support
- Same "file-like object returned" behavior: caller can .read() and write it elsewhere.

URL formats (examples):
  HTTP:
    http://example.com/file
    http://user:pass@example.com/file

  FTP/FTPS:
    ftp://user:pass@host:21/path/to/file
    ftps://user:pass@host:990/path/to/file

  SFTP:
    sftp://user:pass@host:22/path/to/file

  TCP receive (download):
    tcp://0.0.0.0:7000/test.png?print_url=1&bind=0.0.0.0
    tcp://0.0.0.0:0/test.png?print_url=1     (port=0 => auto-pick)

  TCP send (upload):
    tcp://host:7000/test.png

  UDPSEQ receive (download, reliable UDP):
    udp://0.0.0.0:7000/test.png?mode=seq&print_url=1
    udp://0.0.0.0:0/test.png?mode=seq&print_url=1

  UDPSEQ resume (receiver resumes into a file on disk):
    udp://0.0.0.0:7000/test.png?mode=seq&resume=1&resume_to=/sdcard/Download/test.png&print_url=1

  UDPSEQ send:
    udp://host:7000/test.png?mode=seq&resume=1   (sender will ask receiver for offset)

Notes:
- For HTTP resume, use ?resume=1&resume_to=/path to append using Range header.
- For FTP/FTPS, see detect_cwd_ftp() (cwd fallback to absolute RETR paths).
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

import os
import io
import re
import sys
import json
import getpass
import random
import platform
import socket
import shutil
import time
import struct
import hmac
import hashlib
import tempfile
import zlib
import gzip
import ssl
import mimetypes
import base64
import threading

try:
    from mimetypes import guess_type
except ImportError:
    guess_type = None

try:
    from secrets import randbits
except Exception:
    def randbits(k):
        if k < 0:
            raise ValueError('number of bits must be non-negative')
        num_bytes = (k + 7) // 8
        raw_bytes = os.urandom(num_bytes)
        value = int.from_bytes(raw_bytes, 'big')
        return value >> (num_bytes * 8 - k)

defcert = None
try:
    import certifi
    defcert = certifi.where()
except ImportError:
    pass

# Initialize mimetypes
try:
    mimetypes.init()
except Exception:
    pass

try:
    import cookielib
except ImportError:
    import http.cookiejar as cookielib

try:
    from Cookie import SimpleCookie  # Py2
except ImportError:
    from http.cookies import SimpleCookie  # Py3

try:
    from io import BytesIO
except ImportError:
    try:
        from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO  # py2 fallback
    except Exception:
        from StringIO import StringIO as BytesIO

try:
    # Py3
    from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes, unquote_to_bytes, urlencode
    from urllib.request import install_opener, build_opener
except ImportError:
    # Py2
    from urllib import urlencode
    from urllib import quote as _quote
    from urllib import unquote as _unquote
    from urllib2 import install_opener, build_opener

    def quote_from_bytes(b, safe=''):
        # Py2 urllib.quote expects "str" (bytes)
        return _quote(b, safe=safe)

    def unquote_to_bytes(s):
        # Returns "str" (bytes) in Py2
        return _unquote(s)


_TEXT_MIME_DEFAULT = 'text/plain; charset=utf-8'
_BIN_MIME_DEFAULT = 'application/octet-stream'
PY2 = (sys.version_info[0] == 2)


# get_readable_size by Lipis
# http://stackoverflow.com/posts/14998888/revisions


def get_readable_size(bytes, precision=1, unit="IEC"):
    unit = unit.upper()
    if(unit != "IEC" and unit != "SI"):
        unit = "IEC"
    if(unit == "IEC"):
        units = [" B", " KiB", " MiB", " GiB", " TiB", " PiB", " EiB", " ZiB"]
        unitswos = ["B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB", "ZiB"]
        unitsize = 1024.0
    if(unit == "SI"):
        units = [" B", " kB", " MB", " GB", " TB", " PB", " EB", " ZB"]
        unitswos = ["B", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB"]
        unitsize = 1000.0
    return_val = {}
    orgbytes = bytes
    for unit in units:
        if abs(bytes) < unitsize:
            strformat = "%3."+str(precision)+"f%s"
            pre_return_val = (strformat % (bytes, unit))
            pre_return_val = re.sub(
                r"([0]+) ([A-Za-z]+)", r" \2", pre_return_val)
            pre_return_val = re.sub(r"\. ([A-Za-z]+)", r" \1", pre_return_val)
            alt_return_val = pre_return_val.split()
            return_val = {'Bytes': orgbytes, 'ReadableWithSuffix': pre_return_val,
                          'ReadableWithoutSuffix': alt_return_val[0], 'ReadableSuffix': alt_return_val[1]}
            return return_val
        bytes /= unitsize
    strformat = "%."+str(precision)+"f%s"
    pre_return_val = (strformat % (bytes, "YiB"))
    pre_return_val = re.sub(r"([0]+) ([A-Za-z]+)", r" \2", pre_return_val)
    pre_return_val = re.sub(r"\. ([A-Za-z]+)", r" \1", pre_return_val)
    alt_return_val = pre_return_val.split()
    return_val = {'Bytes': orgbytes, 'ReadableWithSuffix': pre_return_val,
                  'ReadableWithoutSuffix': alt_return_val[0], 'ReadableSuffix': alt_return_val[1]}
    return return_val


def get_readable_size_from_file(infile, precision=1, unit="IEC", usehashes=False, usehashtypes="md5,sha1"):
    unit = unit.upper()
    usehashtypes = usehashtypes.lower()
    getfilesize = os.path.getsize(infile)
    return_val = get_readable_size(getfilesize, precision, unit)
    if(usehashes):
        hashtypelist = usehashtypes.split(",")
        openfile = open(infile, "rb")
        filecontents = openfile.read()
        openfile.close()
        listnumcount = 0
        listnumend = len(hashtypelist)
        while(listnumcount < listnumend):
            hashtypelistlow = hashtypelist[listnumcount].strip()
            hashtypelistup = hashtypelistlow.upper()
            filehash = hashlib.new(hashtypelistup)
            filehash.update(filecontents)
            filegethash = filehash.hexdigest()
            return_val.update({hashtypelistup: filegethash})
            listnumcount += 1
    return return_val


def _is_probably_text(data_bytes):
    """
    Heuristic: treat as text if it decodes as UTF-8 and does not contain many
    control bytes (except common whitespace).
    """
    if not data_bytes:
        return True
    # Fast path: NUL strongly suggests binary
    if b'\x00' in data_bytes:
        return False
    try:
        decoded = data_bytes.decode('utf-8')
    except Exception:
        return False

    # Count "control" chars excluding common whitespace
    control = 0
    for ch in decoded:
        o = ord(ch)
        if (o < 32 and ch not in u'\t\n\r') or o == 127:
            control += 1
    # Allow a small fraction of control chars
    return control <= max(1, len(decoded) // 200)


def data_url_encode(fileobj,
                    mime=None,
                    is_text=None,
                    charset='utf-8',
                    base64_encode=None):
    """
    Read all bytes from a file-like object and return a data: URL string.

    Args:
        fileobj: file-like (must support read()) returning bytes/str.
        mime: optional MIME type (e.g. 'image/png', 'text/plain').
              If not provided, defaults to text/plain; charset=utf-8 for text
              or application/octet-stream for binary.
        is_text: force text/binary decision (True/False). If None, auto-detect.
        charset: charset used when defaulting to text/* or when mime starts with text/
                 and mime doesn't already declare a charset.
        base64_encode: if True, always base64. If False, always percent-encode.
                       If None, choose percent-encode for text and base64 for binary.

    Returns:
        A unicode/text string containing the full data URL.
    """
    raw = fileobj.read()
    # Normalize to bytes
    if isinstance(raw, text_type):
        # If someone passed a text stream, encode it as utf-8 bytes
        raw_bytes = raw.encode(charset)
        detected_text = True
    else:
        raw_bytes = raw
        detected_text = _is_probably_text(raw_bytes)

    if is_text is None:
        is_text = detected_text

    if mime is None:
        mime = _TEXT_MIME_DEFAULT if is_text else _BIN_MIME_DEFAULT
    else:
        # If it's a text/* mime and no charset declared, append one
        mlow = mime.lower()
        if mlow.startswith('text/') and 'charset=' not in mlow:
            mime = mime + '; charset=' + charset

    if base64_encode is None:
        base64_encode = not is_text  # text => percent, binary => base64

    if base64_encode:
        b64 = base64.b64encode(raw_bytes)
        if not isinstance(b64, text_type):
            b64 = b64.decode('ascii')
        return u'data:{0};base64,{1}'.format(mime, b64)
    else:
        # Percent-encode bytes
        encoded = quote_from_bytes(raw_bytes, safe="!$&'()*+,;=:@-._~")
        if not isinstance(encoded, text_type):
            # Py2 quote returns bytes-str; ensure unicode
            encoded = encoded.decode('ascii')
        return u'data:{0},{1}'.format(mime, encoded)


_DATA_URL_RE = re.compile(r'^data:(?P<meta>[^,]*?),(?P<data>.*)$', re.DOTALL)


def _normalize_b64(s):
    # Remove whitespace and newlines
    s = ''.join(s.split())
    # Normalize URL-safe base64 just in case
    s = s.replace('-', '+').replace('_', '/')
    # Fix missing padding
    s = s + '=' * (-len(s) % 4)
    return s


def data_url_decode(data_url):
    if not isinstance(data_url, text_type):
        try:
            data_url = data_url.decode('utf-8')
        except Exception:
            data_url = data_url.decode('ascii')

    m = _DATA_URL_RE.match(data_url)
    if not m:
        raise ValueError('Not a valid data: URL')

    meta = m.group('meta')
    data_part = m.group('data')

    meta_parts = [p for p in meta.split(';') if p] if meta else []
    is_base64 = False
    mime = None

    if meta_parts:
        if '/' in meta_parts[0]:
            mime = meta_parts[0]
            rest = meta_parts[1:]
        else:
            rest = meta_parts

        for p in rest:
            if p.lower() == 'base64':
                is_base64 = True
            else:
                if mime is None:
                    mime = p
                else:
                    mime = mime + ';' + p

    if is_base64:
        try:
            cleaned = _normalize_b64(data_part)
            decoded_bytes = base64.b64decode(cleaned.encode('ascii'), validate=False)
        except (binascii.Error, ValueError) as e:
            raise ValueError(
                "Invalid base64 data URL payload: {0}".format(e)
            )
    else:
        decoded_bytes = unquote_to_bytes(data_part)
        if isinstance(decoded_bytes, text_type):
            decoded_bytes = decoded_bytes.encode('latin-1')

    return MkTempFile(decoded_bytes), mime, is_base64


try:
    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse, parse_qs, unquote
    from urllib.request import Request, build_opener, HTTPBasicAuthHandler, HTTPCookieProcessor, HTTPSHandler
    from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError
    from urllib.request import HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm
except Exception:
    from urlparse import urlparse, urlunparse, parse_qs  # type: ignore
    from urllib2 import Request, build_opener, HTTPBasicAuthHandler, HTTPCookieProcessor, HTTPSHandler, URLError, HTTPError  # type: ignore
    from urllib2 import HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm  # type: ignore
    try:
        from urllib import unquote  # py2
    except Exception:
        def unquote(x):  # very small fallback
            return x


# HTTP server (for send-file mode)
try:
    # py3
    from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
    import socketserver as _socketserver
except Exception:
    # py2
    from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer  # type: ignore
    import SocketServer as _socketserver  # type: ignore



# Optional deps
haverequests = False
try:
    import requests  # noqa
    haverequests = True
except Exception:
    pass

haveurllib3 = False
try:
    import urllib3  # noqa
    haveurllib3 = True
except Exception:
    pass

havehttpx = False
try:
    import httpx  # noqa
    havehttpx = True
except Exception:
    pass

havehttpcore = False
try:
    import httpcore
    havehttpcore = True
except ImportError:
    pass

havemechanize = False
try:
    import mechanize  # noqa
    havemechanize = True
except Exception:
    pass

havepycurl = False
try:
    import pycurl
    havepycurl = True
except ImportError:
    pass

haveparamiko = False
try:
    import paramiko  # noqa
    haveparamiko = True
except Exception:
    pass

havepysftp = False
try:
    import pysftp  # noqa
    havepysftp = True
except Exception:
    pass

# FTP
ftpssl = True
try:
    from ftplib import FTP, FTP_TLS, all_errors
except Exception:
    ftpssl = False
    from ftplib import FTP, all_errors  # type: ignore

try:
    basestring
except NameError:
    basestring = str


# --- Configuration ---
__use_pysftp__ = False
if(not havepysftp):
    __use_pysftp__ = False
__use_http_lib__ = "httpx"
if(__use_http_lib__ == "httpx" and haverequests and not havehttpx):
    __use_http_lib__ = "requests"
if(__use_http_lib__ == "requests" and havehttpx and not haverequests):
    __use_http_lib__ = "httpx"
if((__use_http_lib__ == "httpx" or __use_http_lib__ == "requests") and not havehttpx and not haverequests):
    __use_http_lib__ = "urllib"

__program_name__ = "PyNeoWWW-Get"
__program_alt_name__ = "PyWWWGet"
__program_small_name__ = "wwwget"
__project__ = __program_name__
__project_url__ = "https://github.com/GameMaker2k/PyNeoWWW-Get"
__version_info__ = (2, 2, 0, "RC 1", 1)
__version_date_info__ = (2026, 1, 23, "RC 1", 1)
__version_date__ = str(__version_date_info__[0])+"."+str(__version_date_info__[
    1]).zfill(2)+"."+str(__version_date_info__[2]).zfill(2)
__revision__ = __version_info__[3]
__revision_id__ = "$Id$"
if(__version_info__[4] is not None):
    __version_date_plusrc__ = __version_date__ + \
        "-"+str(__version_date_info__[4])
if(__version_info__[4] is None):
    __version_date_plusrc__ = __version_date__
if(__version_info__[3] is not None):
    __version__ = str(__version_info__[0])+"."+str(__version_info__[1])+"."+str(
        __version_info__[2])+" "+str(__version_info__[3])
if(__version_info__[3] is None):
    __version__ = str(
        __version_info__[0])+"."+str(__version_info__[1])+"."+str(__version_info__[2])

PyBitness = platform.architecture()
if(PyBitness == "32bit" or PyBitness == "32"):
    PyBitness = "32"
elif(PyBitness == "64bit" or PyBitness == "64"):
    PyBitness = "64"
else:
    PyBitness = "32"

geturls_cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
geturls_ua_pywwwget_python = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; {proname}/{prover}; +{prourl})".format(
    proname=__project__, prover=__version__, prourl=__project_url__)
if(platform.python_implementation() != ""):
    py_implementation = platform.python_implementation()
if(platform.python_implementation() == ""):
    py_implementation = "Python"
geturls_ua_pywwwget_python_alt = "Mozilla/5.0 ({osver}; {archtype}; +{prourl}) {pyimp}/{pyver} (KHTML, like Gecko) {proname}/{prover}".format(osver=platform.system(
)+" "+platform.release(), archtype=platform.machine(), prourl=__project_url__, pyimp=py_implementation, pyver=platform.python_version(), proname=__project__, prover=__version__)
geturls_ua_googlebot_google = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)"
geturls_ua_googlebot_google_old = "Googlebot/2.1 (+http://www.google.com/bot.html)"
geturls_headers_pywwwget_python = {'Referer': "http://google.com/", 'User-Agent': geturls_ua_pywwwget_python, 'Accept-Encoding': "none", 'Accept-Language': "en-US,en;q=0.8,en-CA,en-GB;q=0.6", 'Accept-Charset': "ISO-8859-1,ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7", 'Accept': "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", 'Connection': "close",
                                    'SEC-CH-UA': "\""+__project__+"\";v=\""+str(__version__)+"\", \"Not;A=Brand\";v=\"8\", \""+py_implementation+"\";v=\""+str(platform.release())+"\"", 'SEC-CH-UA-FULL-VERSION': str(__version__), 'SEC-CH-UA-PLATFORM': ""+py_implementation+"", 'SEC-CH-UA-ARCH': ""+platform.machine()+"", 'SEC-CH-UA-PLATFORM-VERSION': str(__version__), 'SEC-CH-UA-BITNESS': str(PyBitness)}
geturls_headers_pywwwget_python_alt = {'Referer': "http://google.com/", 'User-Agent': geturls_ua_pywwwget_python_alt, 'Accept-Encoding': "none", 'Accept-Language': "en-US,en;q=0.8,en-CA,en-GB;q=0.6", 'Accept-Charset': "ISO-8859-1,ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7", 'Accept': "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", 'Connection': "close",
                                        'SEC-CH-UA': "\""+__project__+"\";v=\""+str(__version__)+"\", \"Not;A=Brand\";v=\"8\", \""+py_implementation+"\";v=\""+str(platform.release())+"\"", 'SEC-CH-UA-FULL-VERSION': str(__version__), 'SEC-CH-UA-PLATFORM': ""+py_implementation+"", 'SEC-CH-UA-ARCH': ""+platform.machine()+"", 'SEC-CH-UA-PLATFORM-VERSION': str(__version__), 'SEC-CH-UA-BITNESS': str(PyBitness)}
geturls_headers_googlebot_google = {'Referer': "http://google.com/", 'User-Agent': geturls_ua_googlebot_google, 'Accept-Encoding': "none", 'Accept-Language': "en-US,en;q=0.8,en-CA,en-GB;q=0.6",
                                    'Accept-Charset': "ISO-8859-1,ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7", 'Accept': "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", 'Connection': "close"}
geturls_headers_googlebot_google_old = {'Referer': "http://google.com/", 'User-Agent': geturls_ua_googlebot_google_old, 'Accept-Encoding': "none", 'Accept-Language': "en-US,en;q=0.8,en-CA,en-GB;q=0.6",
                                        'Accept-Charset': "ISO-8859-1,ISO-8859-15,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7", 'Accept': "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", 'Connection': "close"}

def fix_header_names(header_dict):
    if(sys.version[0] == "2"):
        header_dict = {k.title(): v for k, v in header_dict.iteritems()}
    if(sys.version[0] >= "3"):
        header_dict = {k.title(): v for k, v in header_dict.items()}
    return header_dict

def make_http_headers_from_dict_to_list(headers):
    if isinstance(headers, dict):
        returnval = []
        if(sys.version[0] == "2"):
            for headkey, headvalue in headers.iteritems():
                returnval.append((headkey, headvalue))
        if(sys.version[0] >= "3"):
            for headkey, headvalue in headers.items():
                returnval.append((headkey, headvalue))
    elif isinstance(headers, list):
        returnval = headers
    else:
        returnval = False
    return returnval


def make_http_headers_from_dict_to_pycurl(headers):
    if isinstance(headers, dict):
        returnval = []
        if(sys.version[0] == "2"):
            for headkey, headvalue in headers.iteritems():
                returnval.append(headkey+": "+headvalue)
        if(sys.version[0] >= "3"):
            for headkey, headvalue in headers.items():
                returnval.append(headkey+": "+headvalue)
    elif isinstance(headers, list):
        returnval = headers
    else:
        returnval = False
    return returnval


def make_http_headers_from_pycurl_to_dict(headers):
    header_dict = {}
    headers = headers.strip().split('\r\n')
    for header in headers:
        parts = header.split(': ', 1)
        if(len(parts) == 2):
            key, value = parts
            header_dict[key.title()] = value
    return header_dict


def make_http_headers_from_list_to_dict(headers):
    if isinstance(headers, list):
        returnval = {}
        mli = 0
        mlil = len(headers)
        while(mli < mlil):
            returnval.update({headers[mli][0]: headers[mli][1]})
            mli = mli + 1
    elif isinstance(headers, dict):
        returnval = headers
    else:
        returnval = False
    return returnval

__use_inmem__ = True
__use_memfd__ = True
__use_spoolfile__ = False
__use_spooldir__ = tempfile.gettempdir()

BYTES_PER_KiB = 1024
BYTES_PER_MiB = 1024 * BYTES_PER_KiB

DEFAULT_SPOOL_MAX = 4 * BYTES_PER_MiB      # 4 MiB per spooled temp file
__spoolfile_size__ = DEFAULT_SPOOL_MAX

DEFAULT_BUFFER_MAX = 256 * BYTES_PER_KiB   # 256 KiB copy buffer
__filebuff_size__ = DEFAULT_BUFFER_MAX

# ---- Py2/Py3 type helpers ----
try:
    text_type = unicode  # noqa: F821  (Py2)
except NameError:
    text_type = str      # Py3

binary_types = (bytes, bytearray)
try:
    binary_types = (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)  # Py3 has memoryview; Py2 does too, but keep safe
except NameError:
    pass

# --------------------------
# Small helpers
# --------------------------


def _best_lan_ip():
    """Attempt to find the best LAN IP address."""
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    try:
        # Doesn't actually connect, just determines route
        s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
        return s.getsockname()[0]
    except Exception:
        try:
            return socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
        except Exception:
            return "127.0.0.1"
    finally:
        s.close()

def _listen_urls(scheme, bind_host, port, path, query=""):
    if not path:
        path = "/"
    if not path.startswith("/"):
        path = "/" + path
    q = ""
    if query:
        q = "?" + query.lstrip("?")
    urls = []
    if not bind_host or bind_host == "0.0.0.0":
        urls.append("%s://127.0.0.1:%d%s%s" % (scheme, port, path, q))
        ip = _best_lan_ip()
        if ip and ip != "127.0.0.1":
            urls.append("%s://%s:%d%s%s" % (scheme, ip, port, path, q))
    else:
        urls.append("%s://%s:%d%s%s" % (scheme, bind_host, port, path, q))
    return urls

def _parse_kv_headers(qs, prefix="hdr_"):
    out = {}
    for k in qs.keys():
        if k.startswith(prefix):
            hk = k[len(prefix):].replace("_", "-")
            try:
                out[hk] = qs.get(k)[0]
            except Exception:
                try:
                    out[hk] = qs[k][0]
                except Exception:
                    pass
    return out


def _throttle_bps(rate_bps, sent, started):
    """Sleep to enforce approximate bytes/sec rate."""
    try:
        rate_bps = float(rate_bps)
    except Exception:
        return
    if rate_bps <= 0:
        return
    elapsed = time.time() - started
    if elapsed <= 0:
        return
    should = float(sent) / rate_bps
    if should > elapsed:
        time.sleep(should - elapsed)





def MkTempFile(data=None,
               inmem=__use_inmem__, usememfd=__use_memfd__,
               isbytes=True,
               prefix=__program_name__,
               delete=True,
               encoding="utf-8",
               newline=None,
               text_errors="strict",
               dir=None,
               suffix="",
               use_spool=__use_spoolfile__,
               autoswitch_spool=False,
               spool_max=__spoolfile_size__,
               spool_dir=__use_spooldir__,
               reset_to_start=True,
               memfd_name=__program_name__,
               memfd_allow_sealing=False,
               memfd_flags_extra=0,
               on_create=None):
    """
    Return a file-like handle with consistent behavior on Py2.7 and Py3.x.

    Storage:
      - inmem=True, usememfd=True, isbytes=True and memfd available
            -> memfd-backed anonymous file (binary)
      - inmem=True, otherwise
            -> BytesIO (bytes) or StringIO (text)
      - inmem=False, use_spool=True
            -> SpooledTemporaryFile (binary), optionally TextIOWrapper for text
      - inmem=False, use_spool=False
            -> NamedTemporaryFile (binary), optionally TextIOWrapper for text

    Text vs bytes:
      - isbytes=True  -> file expects bytes; 'data' must be bytes-like (or str which will be encoded)
      - isbytes=False -> file expects text; 'data' must be text (or bytes which will be decoded)

    Notes:
      - On Windows, NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True) keeps the file open and cannot be reopened by
        other processes. Use delete=False if you need to pass the path elsewhere.
      - For text: in-memory StringIO ignores 'newline' and 'text_errors' (as usual).
      - When available, and if usememfd=True, memfd is used only for inmem=True and isbytes=True
        (Linux-only).
      - If autoswitch_spool=True and initial data size exceeds spool_max, in-memory storage is
        skipped and a spooled file is used instead (if use_spool=True).
      - If on_create is not None, it is called as on_create(fp, kind) where kind is one of:
        "memfd", "bytesio", "stringio", "spool", "disk".
    """

    # ---- sanitize params (avoid None surprises) ----
    prefix = prefix or ""
    suffix = suffix or ""
    # dir/spool_dir may be None (allowed)

    # ---- normalize initial data to the right type early ----
    init = None
    if data is not None:
        if isbytes:
            # Require bytes-like; allow common safe conversions
            if isinstance(data, binary_types):
                # bytes / bytearray / memoryview
                init = bytes(data) if not isinstance(data, bytes) else data
            elif isinstance(data, text_type):
                init = data.encode(encoding)
            else:
                raise TypeError("data must be bytes-like for isbytes=True")
        else:
            # Require text; allow decoding from bytes-like
            if isinstance(data, binary_types):
                # NOTE: preserve original behavior: STRICT decode here (not text_errors)
                init = bytes(data).decode(encoding, errors="strict")
            elif isinstance(data, text_type):
                init = data
            else:
                raise TypeError("data must be text (str/unicode) for isbytes=False")

    init_len = len(init) if (init is not None and isbytes) else None

    # ---- helper: callback ----
    def _created(fp, kind):
        if on_create is not None:
            on_create(fp, kind)

    # ---- helper: wrap binary handle as text with encoding/newline/errors ----
    def _wrap_text(binary_handle):
        # Prefer TextIOWrapper when available/usable.
        # In Py2, io.TextIOWrapper exists and works with binary handles.
        return io.TextIOWrapper(binary_handle, encoding=encoding,
                                newline=newline, errors=text_errors)

    # =========================
    # In-memory branch
    # =========================
    if inmem:
        # optional autoswitch to spool for large initial bytes payload
        if autoswitch_spool and use_spool and init_len is not None and init_len > spool_max:
            # fall through to spool/disk branches below
            pass
        else:
            # memfd only for bytes and only where available (Linux + Python that exposes it)
            memfd_create = getattr(os, "memfd_create", None)
            if usememfd and isbytes and callable(memfd_create):
                name = memfd_name or prefix or "MkTempFile"
                flags = 0
                # Close-on-exec is almost always what you want for temps
                if hasattr(os, "MFD_CLOEXEC"):
                    flags |= os.MFD_CLOEXEC
                # Optional sealing support
                if memfd_allow_sealing and hasattr(os, "MFD_ALLOW_SEALING"):
                    flags |= os.MFD_ALLOW_SEALING
                if memfd_flags_extra:
                    flags |= int(memfd_flags_extra)

                fd = memfd_create(name, flags)
                f = os.fdopen(fd, "w+b")
                if init is not None:
                    f.write(init)
                if reset_to_start:
                    f.seek(0)
                _created(f, "memfd")
                return f

            # Fallback: pure-Python in-memory objects
            if isbytes:
                f = BytesIO(init if init is not None else b"")
                if reset_to_start:
                    f.seek(0)
                _created(f, "bytesio")
                return f
            else:
                # StringIO ignores newline/text_errors by design
                f = io.StringIO(init if init is not None else u"")
                if reset_to_start:
                    f.seek(0)
                _created(f, "stringio")
                return f

    # =========================
    # Spooled (RAM then disk)
    # =========================
    if use_spool:
        # Always create binary spooled file; wrap for text if needed
        b = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile(max_size=spool_max, mode="w+b", dir=spool_dir)
        f = b if isbytes else _wrap_text(b)
        if init is not None:
            f.write(init)
        if reset_to_start:
            f.seek(0)
        _created(f, "spool")
        return f

    # =========================
    # On-disk temp (NamedTemporaryFile)
    # =========================
    b = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w+b", prefix=prefix, suffix=suffix, dir=dir, delete=delete)
    f = b if isbytes else _wrap_text(b)
    if init is not None:
        f.write(init)
    if reset_to_start:
        f.seek(0)
    _created(f, "disk")
    return f



def _hs_token():
    # short ascii token for handshake correlation
    try:
        import random
        return ('%x' % random.getrandbits(64)).encode('ascii')
    except Exception:
        try:
            return ('%x' % (int(time.time()*1000000) ^ os.getpid())).encode('ascii')
        except Exception:
            return ('%x' % int(time.time()*1000000)).encode('ascii')

def _byte_at(b, i):
    """Get integer value of byte at index i for Py2/Py3."""
    v = b[i]
    return v if isinstance(v, int) else ord(v)

def _to_bytes(x):
    if x is None:
        return b""
    if isinstance(x, bytes):
        return x
    try:
        return x.encode("utf-8")
    except Exception:
        return bytes(x)

def _to_text(x):
    if x is None:
        return u""
    if isinstance(x, bytes):
        try:
            return x.decode("utf-8", "replace")
        except Exception:
            return x.decode("latin-1", "replace")
    return x

def _rand_u64():
    # os.urandom works on py2/py3
    return struct.unpack("!Q", os.urandom(8))[0]

def _set_query_param(url, key, value):
    """Return url with query param key set to value (string)."""
    try:
        up = urlparse(url)
        qs = up.query or ""
        parts = []
        if qs:
            for kv in qs.split("&"):
                if not kv:
                    continue
                if kv.split("=", 1)[0] != key:
                    parts.append(kv)
        parts.append("%s=%s" % (key, value))
        newq = "&".join(parts)
        return urlunparse((up.scheme, up.netloc, up.path, up.params, newq, up.fragment))
    except Exception:
        return url

def _qflag(qs, key, default=False):
    v = qs.get(key, [None])[0]
    if v is None:
        return default
    v = _to_text(v).strip().lower()
    return v in ("1", "true", "yes", "on", "y")

def _qnum(qs, key, default, cast=int):
    v = qs.get(key, [None])[0]
    if v is None or v == "":
        return default
    try:
        return cast(v)
    except Exception:
        try:
            return cast(_to_text(v))
        except Exception:
            return default

def _qstr(qs, key, default=None):
    v = qs.get(key, [None])[0]
    if v is None:
        return default
    return _to_text(v)

def _ensure_dir(d):
    if not d:
        return
    if not os.path.isdir(d):
        try:
            os.makedirs(d)
        except Exception:
            pass

def _guess_filename(url):
    p = urlparse(url)
    bn = os.path.basename(p.path or "")
    return bn or "download.bin"

def _choose_output_path(fname, overwrite=False, save_dir=None):
    if not save_dir:
        save_dir = "."
    _ensure_dir(save_dir)
    base = os.path.join(save_dir, fname)
    if overwrite or not os.path.exists(base):
        return base
    root, ext = os.path.splitext(base)
    for i in range(1, 10000):
        cand = "%s.%d%s" % (root, i, ext)
        if not os.path.exists(cand):
            return cand
    return base

def _copy_fileobj_to_path(fileobj, path, overwrite=False):
    if (not overwrite) and os.path.exists(path):
        raise IOError("Refusing to overwrite: %s" % path)
    _ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path) or ".")
    with open(path, "wb") as out:
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        shutil.copyfileobj(fileobj, out)

# TFTP opcodes
OP_RRQ   = 1
OP_WRQ   = 2
OP_DATA  = 3
OP_ACK   = 4
OP_ERROR = 5

BLOCK_SIZE = 512


class TFTPError(Exception):
    pass


def _make_rrq(filename, mode=b"octet"):
    # RRQ: 2 bytes opcode, filename, 0, mode, 0
    return struct.pack("!H", OP_RRQ) + _to_bytes(filename) + b"\x00" + _to_bytes(mode) + b"\x00"


def _make_wrq(filename, mode=b"octet"):
    return struct.pack("!H", OP_WRQ) + _to_bytes(filename) + b"\x00" + _to_bytes(mode) + b"\x00"


def _make_data(blockno, payload):
    return struct.pack("!HH", OP_DATA, blockno) + payload


def _make_ack(blockno):
    return struct.pack("!HH", OP_ACK, blockno)


def _parse_packet(pkt):
    if len(pkt) < 2:
        raise TFTPError("Short packet")
    op = struct.unpack("!H", pkt[:2])[0]
    return op


def _parse_ack(pkt):
    if len(pkt) < 4:
        raise TFTPError("Short ACK")
    op, blockno = struct.unpack("!HH", pkt[:4])
    if op != OP_ACK:
        raise TFTPError("Expected ACK, got opcode %d" % op)
    return blockno


def _parse_data(pkt):
    if len(pkt) < 4:
        raise TFTPError("Short DATA")
    op, blockno = struct.unpack("!HH", pkt[:4])
    if op != OP_DATA:
        raise TFTPError("Expected DATA, got opcode %d" % op)
    return blockno, pkt[4:]


def _parse_error(pkt):
    # ERROR: opcode(2) + errcode(2) + errmsg + 0
    if len(pkt) < 4:
        raise TFTPError("Short ERROR")
    op, errcode = struct.unpack("!HH", pkt[:4])
    if op != OP_ERROR:
        raise TFTPError("Not an ERROR packet")
    msg = pkt[4:]
    if b"\x00" in msg:
        msg = msg.split(b"\x00", 1)[0]
    try:
        msg = msg.decode("utf-8", "replace")
    except Exception:
        msg = repr(msg)
    raise TFTPError("TFTP ERROR %d: %s" % (errcode, msg))


def _mk_sock(proxy, timeout):
    """
    proxy: dict or None
      If dict, expected keys:
        host, port, username(optional), password(optional)
    """
    s = socks.socksocket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    s.settimeout(timeout)

    if proxy:
        # Only SOCKS5 is realistic for UDP.
        s.set_proxy(
            proxy_type=socks.SOCKS5,
            addr=proxy["host"],
            port=int(proxy["port"]),
            username=proxy.get("username"),
            password=proxy.get("password"),
            rdns=True,
        )
    return s


def tftp_upload(server_host, remote_filename, fileobj,
                server_port=69, mode="octet",
                proxy=None, timeout=5.0, retries=5):
    """
    Upload to a TFTP server using a file object opened for reading (binary).

    Args:
      server_host (str): TFTP server hostname/IP
      remote_filename (str): destination filename on server
      fileobj: readable file-like object (must return bytes)
      proxy (dict|None): {"host": "...", "port": 1080, "username": "...", "password": "..."}
      timeout (float): socket timeout seconds
      retries (int): retransmit attempts per block

    Returns:
      None (raises TFTPError on failure)
    """
    sock = _mk_sock(proxy, timeout)

    try:
        # Send WRQ to well-known port
        wrq = _make_wrq(remote_filename, mode=_to_bytes(mode))
        sock.sendto(wrq, (server_host, int(server_port)))

        # Server should respond from a new ephemeral port with ACK(0)
        for attempt in range(retries):
            try:
                pkt, addr = sock.recvfrom(4 + 128)
                op = _parse_packet(pkt)
                if op == OP_ERROR:
                    _parse_error(pkt)
                if op != OP_ACK:
                    raise TFTPError("Expected ACK(0), got opcode %d" % op)
                ack_block = _parse_ack(pkt)
                if ack_block != 0:
                    raise TFTPError("Expected ACK block 0, got %d" % ack_block)
                server_tid = addr  # (ip, port) for rest of transfer
                break
            except socket.timeout:
                # Retransmit WRQ
                sock.sendto(wrq, (server_host, int(server_port)))
        else:
            raise TFTPError("Timeout waiting for ACK(0)")

        # Send DATA blocks starting at 1
        blockno = 1
        while True:
            data = fileobj.read(BLOCK_SIZE)
            if data is None:
                data = b""
            if not isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)):
                raise TFTPError("fileobj.read() must return bytes")

            data_pkt = _make_data(blockno, data)

            # retransmit loop for this block
            for attempt in range(retries):
                sock.sendto(data_pkt, server_tid)
                try:
                    pkt, addr = sock.recvfrom(4 + 128)
                    # TID check: ignore packets from other ports/hosts
                    if addr != server_tid:
                        continue
                    op = _parse_packet(pkt)
                    if op == OP_ERROR:
                        _parse_error(pkt)
                    ackb = _parse_ack(pkt)
                    if ackb == blockno:
                        break
                except socket.timeout:
                    continue
            else:
                raise TFTPError("Timeout waiting for ACK(%d)" % blockno)

            # Last block is < 512 bytes (including 0 bytes if exact multiple requires final 0-length block)
            if len(data) < BLOCK_SIZE:
                return

            blockno = (blockno + 1) & 0xFFFF
            if blockno == 0:
                # TFTP block rolls over after 65535; handling wrap robustly is more involved.
                raise TFTPError("Block number rollover not supported in this simple implementation.")

    finally:
        try:
            sock.close()
        except Exception:
            pass


def tftp_download(server_host, remote_filename,
                  server_port=69, mode="octet",
                  proxy=None, timeout=5.0, retries=5):
    """
    Download from a TFTP server and return a file-like object containing bytes.

    Args:
      server_host (str): TFTP server hostname/IP
      remote_filename (str): filename on server
      proxy (dict|None): {"host": "...", "port": 1080, "username": "...", "password": "..."}
      timeout (float): socket timeout seconds
      retries (int): retransmit attempts

    Returns:
      io.BytesIO: file-like object positioned at start
    """
    sock = _mk_sock(proxy, timeout)
    out = MkTempFile()

    rrq = _make_rrq(remote_filename, mode=_to_bytes(mode))

    try:
        # Send RRQ to well-known port
        sock.sendto(rrq, (server_host, int(server_port)))

        expected = 1
        server_tid = None
        last_ack = 0

        while True:
            for attempt in range(retries):
                try:
                    pkt, addr = sock.recvfrom(4 + BLOCK_SIZE + 128)
                    op = _parse_packet(pkt)

                    if op == OP_ERROR:
                        _parse_error(pkt)

                    if op != OP_DATA:
                        raise TFTPError("Expected DATA, got opcode %d" % op)

                    blockno, payload = _parse_data(pkt)

                    # First DATA defines server TID
                    if server_tid is None:
                        server_tid = addr

                    # Ignore packets from unexpected TID
                    if addr != server_tid:
                        continue

                    if blockno == expected:
                        out.write(payload)
                        ack = _make_ack(blockno)
                        sock.sendto(ack, server_tid)
                        last_ack = blockno

                        # end condition
                        if len(payload) < BLOCK_SIZE:
                            out.seek(0)
                            return out

                        expected = (expected + 1) & 0xFFFF
                        if expected == 0:
                            raise TFTPError("Block number rollover not supported in this simple implementation.")
                        break

                    elif blockno == last_ack:
                        # Duplicate DATA; re-ACK to help server
                        sock.sendto(_make_ack(blockno), server_tid)
                        break

                    else:
                        # Out-of-order: ACK last good block
                        sock.sendto(_make_ack(last_ack), server_tid)
                        break

                except socket.timeout:
                    # On timeout, retransmit RRQ initially, else retransmit last ACK
                    if server_tid is None:
                        sock.sendto(rrq, (server_host, int(server_port)))
                    else:
                        sock.sendto(_make_ack(last_ack), server_tid)
            else:
                raise TFTPError("Timeout receiving DATA block %d" % expected)

    finally:
        try:
            sock.close()
        except Exception:
            pass

def download_file_from_tftp_file(url, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme != "tftp":
        return False

    host = p.hostname
    port = p.port or 69
    user = p.username
    pw = p.password
    path = p.path or "/"
    file_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
    start_time = time.time()
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    try:
        bio = tftp_download(host, p.path, port, timeout=float(timeout))
        fulldatasize = bio.tell()
        bio.seek(0, 0)
        end_time = time.time()
        total_time = end_time - start_time
        if(returnstats):
            returnval = {'Type': "Buffer", 'Buffer': bio, 'Contentsize': fulldatasize, 'ContentsizeAlt': {'IEC': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "IEC"), 'SI': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "SI")}, 'Headers': None, 'Version': None, 'Method': None, 'HeadersSent': None, 'URL': url, 'Code': None, 'RequestTime': {'StartTime': start_time, 'EndTime': end_time, 'TotalTime': total_time}, 'FTPLib': 'pyftp'}
        else:
            return bio
    except Exception:
        try:
            ftp.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        return False

def download_file_from_tftp_bytes(url, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    fp = download_file_from_tftp_file(url, timeout, returnstats)
    return fp.read() if fp else False

def download_file_from_tftp_to_file(url, outfile, timeout=60):
    outfile = open(outfile, "wb")
    httpbytes = download_file_from_tftp_bytes(url, timeout, False)
    outfile.write(httpbytes)
    outfile.close()
    return True

def upload_file_to_tftp_file(fileobj, url, timeout=60):
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme != "tftp":
        return False

    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    host = p.hostname
    port = p.port or 21
    user = p.username
    pw = p.password
    path = p.path or "/"
    file_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
    fname = os.path.basename(path) or "upload.bin"

    try:
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        tftp_upload(host, p.path, fileobj, port, timeout=float(timeout))
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass

        return fileobj
    except Exception:
        return False

def upload_file_to_tftp_bytes(data, url, timeout=60):
    bio = MkTempFile(_to_bytes(data))
    out = upload_file_to_tftp_file(bio, url, timeout)
    try:
        bio.close()
    except Exception:
        pass
    return out

def upload_file_to_tftp_from_file(infile, url, timeout=60):
    infile = open(infile, "rb")
    upload_file_to_tftp_file(infile, url, timeout)
    infile.close()
    return True

# --------------------------
# FTP helpers
# --------------------------

def detect_cwd_ftp(ftp, file_dir):
    """
    Test whether cwd into file_dir works. Returns True if it does,
    False if not (so absolute paths should be used).
    """
    if not file_dir:
        return False  # nothing to cwd into
    try:
        ftp.cwd(file_dir)
        return True
    except all_errors:
        return False

def _ftp_login(ftp, user, pw):
    # ftplib wants empty string for anonymous password sometimes; keep consistent
    if user is None:
        user = "anonymous"
    if pw is None:
        pw = "anonymous" if user == "anonymous" else ""
    ftp.login(user, pw)

def download_file_from_ftp_file(url, resumefile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme not in ("ftp", "ftps"):
        return False
    if p.scheme == "ftps" and not ftpssl:
        return False

    host = p.hostname
    port = p.port or 21
    user = p.username
    pw = p.password
    path = p.path or "/"
    file_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
    start_time = time.time()
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    ftp = FTP_TLS() if (p.scheme == "ftps") else FTP()
    try:
        ftp.connect(host, port, timeout=float(timeout))
        _ftp_login(ftp, user, pw)
        if p.scheme == "ftps":
            try:
                ftp.prot_p()
            except Exception:
                pass

        # Try cwd into directory; if it works, RETR just basename.
        use_cwd = detect_cwd_ftp(ftp, file_dir)
        retr_path = os.path.basename(path) if use_cwd else path
        extendargs = {}
        if(resumefile is not None and hasattr(resumefile, "write")):
            resumefile.seek(0, 2)
            bio = resumefile
            extendargs = {'rest': resumefile.tell()}
        else:
            bio = MkTempFile()
        ftp.retrbinary("RETR " + retr_path, bio.write)
        ftp.quit()
        fulldatasize = bio.tell()
        bio.seek(0, 0)
        end_time = time.time()
        total_time = end_time - start_time
        if(returnstats):
            returnval = {'Type': "Buffer", 'Buffer': bio, 'Contentsize': fulldatasize, 'ContentsizeAlt': {'IEC': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "IEC"), 'SI': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "SI")}, 'Headers': None, 'Version': None, 'Method': None, 'HeadersSent': None, 'URL': url, 'Code': None, 'RequestTime': {'StartTime': start_time, 'EndTime': end_time, 'TotalTime': total_time}, 'FTPLib': 'pyftp'}
        else:
            return bio
    except Exception:
        try:
            ftp.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        return False

def download_file_from_ftp_bytes(url, resumefile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    fp = download_file_from_ftp_file(url, resumefile, timeout, returnstats)
    return fp.read() if fp else False

def download_file_from_ftp_to_file(url, outfile, timeout=60):
    if(os.path.exists(outfile)):
        outfile = open(outfile, "ab")
        outfile.seek(0, 2)
        httpbytes = download_file_from_ftp_file(url, outfile, timeout, False)
        outfile.close()
    else:
        outfile = open(outfile, "wb")
        httpbytes = download_file_from_ftp_bytes(url, None, timeout, False)
        outfile.write(httpbytes)
        outfile.close()
    return True

def download_file_from_ftps_file(url, resumefile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    return download_file_from_ftp_file(url, resumefile, timeout, returnstats)

def download_file_from_ftps_bytes(url, resumefile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    return download_file_from_ftp_bytes(url, resumefile, timeout, returnstats)

def download_file_from_ftps_to_file(url, outfile, timeout=60):
    return download_file_from_ftp_to_file(url, outfile, timeout, returnstats)

def upload_file_to_ftp_file(fileobj, url, timeout=60):
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme not in ("ftp", "ftps"):
        return False
    if p.scheme == "ftps" and not ftpssl:
        return False
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    host = p.hostname
    port = p.port or 21
    user = p.username
    pw = p.password
    path = p.path or "/"
    file_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
    fname = os.path.basename(path) or "upload.bin"

    ftp = FTP_TLS() if (p.scheme == "ftps") else FTP()
    try:
        ftp.connect(host, port, timeout=float(timeout))
        _ftp_login(ftp, user, pw)
        if p.scheme == "ftps":
            try:
                ftp.prot_p()
            except Exception:
                pass

        use_cwd = detect_cwd_ftp(ftp, file_dir)
        stor_path = fname if use_cwd else path

        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        ftp.storbinary("STOR " + stor_path, fileobj)
        ftp.quit()
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return fileobj
    except Exception:
        try:
            ftp.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        return False

def upload_file_to_ftp_bytes(data, url, timeout=60):
    bio = MkTempFile(_to_bytes(data))
    out = upload_file_to_ftp_file(bio, url, timeout)
    try:
        bio.close()
    except Exception:
        pass
    return out

def upload_file_to_ftp_from_file(infile, url, timeout=60):
    infile = open(infile, "rb")
    upload_file_to_ftp_file(infile, url, timeout)
    infile.close()
    return True

def upload_file_to_ftps_file(fileobj, url, timeout=60):
    return upload_file_to_ftp_file(fileobj, url, timeout)

def upload_file_to_ftps_from_file(infile, url, timeout=60):
    return upload_file_to_ftp_from_file(infile, url, timeout)

def upload_file_to_ftps_bytes(fileobj, url, timeout=60):
    return upload_file_to_ftp_bytes(fileobj, url, timeout)

# --------------------------
# SFTP helpers
# --------------------------

def detect_cwd_sftp(sftp, file_dir):
    """
    Test whether chdir into file_dir works. Returns True if it does,
    False if not (so absolute paths should be used).
    """
    if not file_dir:
        return False  # nothing to cwd into
    try:
        sftp.chdir(file_dir)
        return True
    except all_errors:
        return False

def download_file_from_sftp_file(url, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    if not haveparamiko:
        return False
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme not in ("sftp", "scp"):
        return False
    host = p.hostname
    port = p.port or 22
    user = p.username or "anonymous"
    pw = p.password or ("anonymous" if user == "anonymous" else "")
    path = p.path or "/"
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    start_time = time.time()
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    try:
        ssh.connect(host, port=port, username=user, password=pw, timeout=float(timeout))
        sftp = ssh.open_sftp()
        use_cwd = detect_cwd_sftp(sftp, path)
        retr_path = os.path.basename(path) if use_cwd else path
        bio = MkTempFile()
        sftp.getfo(retr_path, bio)
        sftp.close()
        ssh.close()
        fulldatasize = bio.tell()
        bio.seek(0, 0)
        end_time = time.time()
        total_time = end_time - start_time
        if(returnstats):
            returnval = {'Type': "Buffer", 'Buffer': bio, 'Contentsize': fulldatasize, 'ContentsizeAlt': {'IEC': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "IEC"), 'SI': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "SI")}, 'Headers': None, 'Version': None, 'Method': None, 'HeadersSent': None, 'URL': url, 'Code': None, 'RequestTime': {'StartTime': start_time, 'EndTime': end_time, 'TotalTime': total_time}, 'SFTPLib': 'paramiko'}
        else:
            return bio
    except Exception:
        try:
            ssh.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        return False

def download_file_from_sftp_bytes(url, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    fp = download_file_from_sftp_file(url, timeout, returnstats)
    return fp.read() if fp else False

def download_file_from_sftp_to_file(url, outfile, timeout=60):
    outfile = open(outfile, "wb")
    httpbytes = download_file_from_sftp_bytes(url, timeout, False)
    outfile.write(httpbytes)
    outfile.close()
    return True

def upload_file_to_sftp_file(fileobj, url, timeout=60):
    if not haveparamiko:
        return False
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme not in ("sftp", "scp"):
        return False
    host = p.hostname
    port = p.port or 22
    user = p.username or "anonymous"
    pw = p.password or ("anonymous" if user == "anonymous" else "")
    path = p.path or "/"
    fname = os.path.basename(path) or "upload.bin"
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    try:
        ssh.connect(host, port=port, username=user, password=pw, timeout=float(timeout))
        sftp = ssh.open_sftp()
        use_cwd = detect_cwd_sftp(sftp, path)
        stor_path = fname if use_cwd else path
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        sftp.putfo(fileobj, stor_path)
        sftp.close()
        ssh.close()
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return fileobj
    except Exception:
        try:
            ssh.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        return False

def upload_file_to_sftp_from_file(infile, url, timeout=60):
    infile = open(infile, "rb")
    upload_file_to_sftp_file(infile, url, timeout)
    infile.close()
    return True

def upload_file_to_sftp_bytes(data, url, timeout=60):
    bio = MkTempFile(_to_bytes(data))
    out = upload_file_to_sftp_file(bio, url, timeout)
    try:
        bio.close()
    except Exception:
        pass
    return out

# --------------------------
# Pysftp Compatibility Layer
# --------------------------

def download_file_from_pysftp_file(url, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    if not havepysftp:
        return False
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme not in ("sftp", "scp"):
        return False
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    host = p.hostname
    port = p.port or 22
    user = p.username or "anonymous"
    pw = p.password or ("anonymous" if user == "anonymous" else "")
    path = p.path or "/"
    fname = os.path.basename(path) or "upload.bin"

    conn = None
    start_time = time.time()
    try:
        # NOTE: pysftp host key checking is strict by default.
        # If you need AutoAddPolicy-like behavior, set cnopts (see note below).
        conn = pysftp.Connection(host=host, port=port, username=user, password=pw)

        sftp = conn.sftp_client
        use_cwd = detect_cwd_sftp(sftp, path)
        retr_path = os.path.basename(path) if use_cwd else path
        bio = BytesIO()
        sftp.getfo(retr_path, bio)

        fulldatasize = bio.tell()
        bio.seek(0, 0)

        end_time = time.time()
        total_time = end_time - start_time
        if(returnstats):
            returnval = {'Type': "Buffer", 'Buffer': bio, 'Contentsize': fulldatasize, 'ContentsizeAlt': {'IEC': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "IEC"), 'SI': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "SI")}, 'Headers': None, 'Version': None, 'Method': None, 'HeadersSent': None, 'URL': url, 'Code': None, 'RequestTime': {'StartTime': start_time, 'EndTime': end_time, 'TotalTime': total_time}, 'SFTPLib': 'pysftp'}
        else:
            return bio

    except Exception:
        return False
    finally:
        try:
            if conn is not None:
                conn.close()
        except Exception:
            pass

def download_file_from_pysftp_bytes(url, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    fp = download_file_from_pysftp_file(url, timeout, returnstats)
    return fp.read() if fp else False

def download_file_from_pysftp_to_file(url, outfile, timeout=60):
    outfile = open(outfile, "wb")
    httpbytes = download_file_from_pysftp_bytes(url, timeout, False)
    outfile.write(httpbytes)
    outfile.close()
    return True

def upload_file_to_pysftp_file(fileobj, url, timeout=60):
    if not havepysftp:
        return False
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme not in ("sftp", "scp"):
        return False
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    host = p.hostname
    port = p.port or 22
    user = p.username or "anonymous"
    pw = p.password or ("anonymous" if user == "anonymous" else "")
    path = p.path or "/"
    fname = os.path.basename(path) or "upload.bin"

    conn = None
    try:
        conn = pysftp.Connection(host=host, port=port, username=user, password=pw)

        sftp = conn.sftp_client
        use_cwd = detect_cwd_sftp(sftp, path)
        stor_path = fname if use_cwd else path
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass

        sftp.putfo(fileobj, stor_path)

        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass

        return fileobj

    except Exception:
        return False
    finally:
        try:
            if conn is not None:
                conn.close()
        except Exception:
            pass

def upload_file_to_pysftp_from_file(infile, url, timeout=60):
    infile = open(infile, "rb")
    upload_file_to_pysftp_file(infile, url, timeout)
    infile.close()
    return True

def upload_file_to_pysftp_bytes(data, url, timeout=60):
    bio = MkTempFile(_to_bytes(data))
    out = upload_file_to_pysftp_file(bio, url, timeout)
    try:
        bio.close()
    except Exception:
        pass
    return out

def decoded_stream(resp):
    # resp can be urllib response or anything file-like with headers
    enc = None
    try:
        enc = resp.headers.get("Content-Encoding")
    except Exception:
        pass

    if not enc:
        return resp

    enc = enc.lower().strip()

    if enc == "gzip":
        return gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=resp)
    if enc == "deflate":
        # deflate is ambiguous; try zlib header first, then raw deflate
        data = resp.read()
        try:
            return io.BytesIO(zlib.decompress(data))
        except zlib.error:
            return io.BytesIO(zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS))

    # br requires brotli package; zstd requires zstandard package.
    # If you need these, handle here.
    return resp

def decoded_stream(resp):
    # resp can be urllib response or anything file-like with headers
    enc = None
    try:
        enc = resp.headers.get("Content-Encoding")
    except Exception:
        pass

    if not enc:
        return resp

    enc = enc.lower().strip()

    if enc == "gzip":
        return gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=resp)
    if enc == "deflate":
        # deflate is ambiguous; try zlib header first, then raw deflate
        data = resp.read()
        try:
            return io.BytesIO(zlib.decompress(data))
        except zlib.error:
            return io.BytesIO(zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS))

    # br requires brotli package; zstd requires zstandard package.
    # If you need these, handle here.
    return resp

# --------------------------
# HTTP helpers (download only)
# --------------------------

def http_status_to_reason(code):
    reasons = {
        100: 'Continue',
        101: 'Switching Protocols',
        102: 'Processing',
        200: 'OK',
        201: 'Created',
        202: 'Accepted',
        203: 'Non-Authoritative Information',
        204: 'No Content',
        205: 'Reset Content',
        206: 'Partial Content',
        207: 'Multi-Status',
        208: 'Already Reported',
        226: 'IM Used',
        300: 'Multiple Choices',
        301: 'Moved Permanently',
        302: 'Found',
        303: 'See Other',
        304: 'Not Modified',
        305: 'Use Proxy',
        307: 'Temporary Redirect',
        308: 'Permanent Redirect',
        400: 'Bad Request',
        401: 'Unauthorized',
        402: 'Payment Required',
        403: 'Forbidden',
        404: 'Not Found',
        405: 'Method Not Allowed',
        406: 'Not Acceptable',
        407: 'Proxy Authentication Required',
        408: 'Request Timeout',
        409: 'Conflict',
        410: 'Gone',
        411: 'Length Required',
        412: 'Precondition Failed',
        413: 'Payload Too Large',
        414: 'URI Too Long',
        415: 'Unsupported Media Type',
        416: 'Range Not Satisfiable',
        417: 'Expectation Failed',
        421: 'Misdirected Request',
        422: 'Unprocessable Entity',
        423: 'Locked',
        424: 'Failed Dependency',
        426: 'Upgrade Required',
        428: 'Precondition Required',
        429: 'Too Many Requests',
        431: 'Request Header Fields Too Large',
        451: 'Unavailable For Legal Reasons',
        500: 'Internal Server Error',
        501: 'Not Implemented',
        502: 'Bad Gateway',
        503: 'Service Unavailable',
        504: 'Gateway Timeout',
        505: 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
        506: 'Variant Also Negotiates',
        507: 'Insufficient Storage',
        508: 'Loop Detected',
        510: 'Not Extended',
        511: 'Network Authentication Required'
    }
    return reasons.get(code, 'Unknown Status Code')


def ftp_status_to_reason(code):
    reasons = {
        110: 'Restart marker reply',
        120: 'Service ready in nnn minutes',
        125: 'Data connection already open; transfer starting',
        150: 'File status okay; about to open data connection',
        200: 'Command okay',
        202: 'Command not implemented, superfluous at this site',
        211: 'System status, or system help reply',
        212: 'Directory status',
        213: 'File status',
        214: 'Help message',
        215: 'NAME system type',
        220: 'Service ready for new user',
        221: 'Service closing control connection',
        225: 'Data connection open; no transfer in progress',
        226: 'Closing data connection',
        227: 'Entering Passive Mode',
        230: 'User logged in, proceed',
        250: 'Requested file action okay, completed',
        257: '"PATHNAME" created',
        331: 'User name okay, need password',
        332: 'Need account for login',
        350: 'Requested file action pending further information',
        421: 'Service not available, closing control connection',
        425: 'Can\'t open data connection',
        426: 'Connection closed; transfer aborted',
        450: 'Requested file action not taken',
        451: 'Requested action aborted. Local error in processing',
        452: 'Requested action not taken. Insufficient storage space in system',
        500: 'Syntax error, command unrecognized',
        501: 'Syntax error in parameters or arguments',
        502: 'Command not implemented',
        503: 'Bad sequence of commands',
        504: 'Command not implemented for that parameter',
        530: 'Not logged in',
        532: 'Need account for storing files',
        550: 'Requested action not taken. File unavailable',
        551: 'Requested action aborted. Page type unknown',
        552: 'Requested file action aborted. Exceeded storage allocation',
        553: 'Requested action not taken. File name not allowed'
    }
    return reasons.get(code, 'Unknown Status Code')


def sftp_status_to_reason(code):
    reasons = {
        0: 'SSH_FX_OK',
        1: 'SSH_FX_EOF',
        2: 'SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE',
        3: 'SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED',
        4: 'SSH_FX_FAILURE',
        5: 'SSH_FX_BAD_MESSAGE',
        6: 'SSH_FX_NO_CONNECTION',
        7: 'SSH_FX_CONNECTION_LOST',
        8: 'SSH_FX_OP_UNSUPPORTED'
    }
    return reasons.get(code, 'Unknown Status Code')

def read_all(fileobj, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
    data = fileobj.read()
    if data is None:
        return u'' if PY2 else ''
    if isinstance(data, bytes):
        return data.decode(encoding, errors)
    return data  # already text (unicode on py2 or str on py3)

# ---------------- Parsing primitives ----------------

_req_line_http1 = re.compile(r'^(?P<method>[A-Z]+)\s+(?P<path>\S+)\s+HTTP/(?P<version>\d+\.\d)\s*$')
_req_line_h2    = re.compile(r'^(?P<method>[A-Z]+)\s+(?P<path>\S+)\s+HTTP/(?P<version>2(?:\.0)?)\s*$')
_status_line_v1 = re.compile(r'^HTTP/(?P<version>\d+\.\d)\s+(?P<code>\d{3})(?:\s+(?P<reason>.*))?$')
_status_line_h2 = re.compile(r'^HTTP/(?P<version>2(?:\.0)?)\s+(?P<code>\d{3})(?:\s+(?P<reason>.*))?$')

def _normalize(text):
    return text.replace('\r\n', '\n').replace('\r', '\n')

def _split_header_block(block_text):
    block_text = _normalize(block_text)
    lines = block_text.split('\n')
    while lines and lines[-1] == '':
        lines.pop()

    # unfold obs-fold (space/tab continuation)
    out = []
    for line in lines:
        if out and (line.startswith(' ') or line.startswith('\t')):
            out[-1] += ' ' + line.lstrip()
        else:
            out.append(line)
    return out

def _parse_headers(lines):
    headers = {}
    for line in lines:
        if not line or ':' not in line:
            continue
        name, value = line.split(':', 1)
        name = name.strip()
        value = value.strip()
        key = name.lower()

        if key in headers:
            if isinstance(headers[key], list):
                headers[key].append(value)
            else:
                headers[key] = [headers[key], value]
        else:
            headers[key] = value
    return headers

def parse_request_block(block_text):
    if not block_text:
        return None
    lines = _split_header_block(block_text)
    if not lines:
        return None

    m = _req_line_http1.match(lines[0]) or _req_line_h2.match(lines[0])
    if not m:
        return None

    return {
        'method': m.group('method'),
        'path': m.group('path'),
        'version': m.group('version'),
        'headers': _parse_headers(lines[1:]),
    }

def parse_response_block(block_text):
    if not block_text:
        return None
    lines = _split_header_block(block_text)
    if not lines:
        return None

    m = _status_line_v1.match(lines[0]) or _status_line_h2.match(lines[0])
    if not m:
        return None

    code = int(m.group('code'))
    reason = (m.group('reason') or '').strip()
    return {
        'version': m.group('version'),
        'status_code': code,
        'reason': reason,
        'headers': _parse_headers(lines[1:]),
    }

# ---------------- Extraction from verbose output ----------------

# HTTP/1.x request block: "GET / HTTP/1.1" ... blank line
_HTTP1_REQ_BLOCK = re.compile(
    r'(?ms)^(?:GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE|CONNECT)\s+\S+\s+HTTP/\d\.\d\s*\n'
    r'(?:.*?\n)*?\n'
)

# HTTP/2 synthesized request block: "GET / HTTP/2" ... blank line
_HTTP2_SYN_REQ_BLOCK = re.compile(
    r'(?ms)^(?:GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE|CONNECT)\s+\S+\s+HTTP/2(?:\.0)?\s*\n'
    r'(?:.*?\n)*?\n'
)

# HTTP/2 bracket pseudo-headers:
# [HTTP/2] [1] [:method: GET]
# [HTTP/2] [1] [:path: /]
# [HTTP/2] [1] [user-agent: ...]
_HTTP2_BRACKET_LINE = re.compile(
    r'^\[HTTP/2\]\s*\[(?P<stream>\d+)\]\s*\[(?P<kv>.+?)\]\s*$'
)

def _extract_http2_bracket_request(text):
    """
    Build a synthetic request block from the [HTTP/2] [stream] [key: value] lines.
    Returns (block_text, used_stream) or (None, None).
    """
    t = _normalize(text)
    lines = t.split('\n')

    # Collect per stream
    per_stream = {}
    order = []  # stream appearance order
    for line in lines:
        m = _HTTP2_BRACKET_LINE.match(line)
        if not m:
            continue
        stream = m.group('stream')
        kv = m.group('kv')
        if stream not in per_stream:
            per_stream[stream] = []
            order.append(stream)
        per_stream[stream].append(kv)

    if not order:
        return (None, None)

    # pick first stream that has :method and :path
    for stream in order:
        kvs = per_stream[stream]
        pseudo = {}
        normal = []
        for kv in kvs:
            # kv is like ":method: GET" or "user-agent: blah"
            if ':' not in kv:
                continue
            name, value = kv.split(':', 1)
            name = name.strip()
            value = value.strip()

            # special case: pseudo headers start with empty name because kv starts ":method..."
            # our split gives name="" and value="method: GET" if we split at first ':'
            if name == '' and value:
                # now split "method: GET"
                if ':' in value:
                    n2, v2 = value.split(':', 1)
                    pseudo[':' + n2.strip()] = v2.strip()
                continue

            # regular "host: github.com"
            normal.append((name, value))

        # also handle case where pseudo lines came as "[:method: GET]" (already handled)
        if ':method' in pseudo and ':path' in pseudo:
            method = pseudo[':method']
            path = pseudo[':path']
            # prefer :authority for Host if present
            authority = pseudo.get(':authority')

            block_lines = []
            block_lines.append('%s %s HTTP/2' % (method, path))
            if authority:
                block_lines.append('Host: %s' % authority)

            # add other pseudo? scheme isn't a header line usually; skip it.
            # add bracketed normal headers
            for (name, value) in normal:
                block_lines.append('%s: %s' % (name, value))
            block_lines.append('')  # blank line terminator

            return ('\n'.join(block_lines), stream)

    return (None, None)

# Response blocks
_HTTP1_RESP_BLOCK = re.compile(
    r'(?ms)^HTTP/\d\.\d\s+\d{3}.*\n(?:.*?\n)*?\n'
)
_HTTP2_RESP_BLOCK = re.compile(
    r'(?ms)^HTTP/2(?:\.0)?\s+\d{3}.*\n(?:.*?\n)*?\n'
)

def extract_request_and_response(debug_text):
    """
    Returns (request_block_text, response_block_text).
    Supports:
      - HTTP/1 request blocks
      - HTTP/2 synthesized request blocks
      - HTTP/2 bracket pseudo-header sequences (converted to synthetic block)
      - HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 response blocks
    """
    t = _normalize(debug_text)

    # Try request in priority order:
    # 1) HTTP/1 request block
    m = _HTTP1_REQ_BLOCK.search(t)
    if m:
        req_block = m.group(0)
    else:
        # 2) HTTP/2 synthesized request block
        m2 = _HTTP2_SYN_REQ_BLOCK.search(t)
        if m2:
            req_block = m2.group(0)
        else:
            # 3) HTTP/2 bracket pseudo headers -> synthesize
            req_block, _stream = _extract_http2_bracket_request(t)

    # Try response in priority order:
    mr2 = _HTTP2_RESP_BLOCK.search(t)
    mr1 = _HTTP1_RESP_BLOCK.search(t)
    if mr2 and mr1:
        # choose whichever appears first
        resp_block = mr2.group(0) if mr2.start() < mr1.start() else mr1.group(0)
    elif mr2:
        resp_block = mr2.group(0)
    elif mr1:
        resp_block = mr1.group(0)
    else:
        resp_block = None

    return req_block, resp_block

def parse_pycurl_verbose(fileobj_or_text):
    if hasattr(fileobj_or_text, 'read'):
        text = read_all(fileobj_or_text)
    else:
        if isinstance(fileobj_or_text, bytes):
            text = fileobj_or_text.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
        else:
            text = fileobj_or_text

    req_block, resp_block = extract_request_and_response(text)
    return {
        'raw': {'request': req_block, 'response': resp_block},
        'request': parse_request_block(req_block) if req_block else None,
        'response': parse_response_block(resp_block) if resp_block else None,
    }

def decode_headers_any(headers):
    # Accepts: dict-like (has .items()) OR list/tuple of pairs
    if hasattr(headers, "items"):
        pairs = headers.items()
    else:
        pairs = headers  # assume iterable of (k, v)

    return {
        (k.decode("ascii", "replace") if isinstance(k, (bytes, bytearray)) else str(k)):
        (v.decode("latin-1", "replace") if isinstance(v, (bytes, bytearray)) else str(v))
        for k, v in pairs
    }

def _is_many_specs(value):
    # True if value looks like: [ [field, fobj, ctype], [field, fobj, ctype], ... ]
    return (
        isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) and value and
        isinstance(value[0], (list, tuple)) and len(value[0]) >= 2
    )


def _normalize_ctype(filename, ctype):
    if ctype == "textplain":
        return "text/plain"
    if ctype:
        return ctype
    if guess_type:
        guessed = guess_type(filename)[0]
        if guessed:
            return guessed
    return "application/octet-stream"


def _ensure_ext(filename, default_ext=".txt"):
    if "." not in filename:
        return filename + default_ext
    return filename


def _read_fileobj(fobj):
    data = fobj.read()
    # rewind if possible so caller can reuse the file object
    try:
        fobj.seek(0)
    except Exception:
        pass
    return data


def to_requests_files(payload, default_ext=".txt"):
    """
    Input payload format:
      {
        "hello.txt": ["file[]", fobj, "text/plain"],
        "goodbye":   ["file[]", fobj2, "textplain"],
        "multi.bin": [
            ["file[]", fobj3, "application/octet-stream"],
            ["file[]", fobj4, None],
        ],
      }

    Output:
      [
        ("file[]", ("hello.txt", b"...", "text/plain")),
        ("file[]", ("goodbye.txt", b"...", "text/plain")),
        ("file[]", ("multi.bin", b"...", "application/octet-stream")),
        ("file[]", ("multi.bin", b"...", "application/octet-stream")),
      ]
    """
    out = []

    # Py2 dict iteration
    items = payload.items()

    for filename, spec in items:
        # ensure filename is a text string
        if not isinstance(filename, text_type):
            filename = text_type(filename)

        filename2 = _ensure_ext(filename, default_ext)

        specs = spec if _is_many_specs(spec) else [spec]

        for one in specs:
            if not isinstance(one, (list, tuple)) or len(one) < 2:
                raise ValueError("Bad spec for %r: expected [fieldname, fileobj, (optional) ctype]" % filename)

            fieldname = one[0]
            fobj = one[1]
            ctype = one[2] if len(one) > 2 else None

            ctype = _normalize_ctype(filename2, ctype)
            data = _read_fileobj(fobj)

            out.append((fieldname, (filename2, data, ctype)))

    return out

def to_pycurl_httpost(payload, default_ext=".txt"):
    """
    Input payload format (same as your requests converter):
      {
        "hello.txt": ["file[]", fobj, "text/plain"],
        "goodbye":   ["file[]", fobj2, "textplain"],
        "multi.txt": [
            ["file[]", fobj3, "text/plain"],
            ["file[]", fobj4, None],
        ],
      }

    Output:
      [
        ('file[]', (pycurl.FORM_BUFFER, 'hello.txt',  pycurl.FORM_BUFFERPTR, b'...', pycurl.FORM_CONTENTTYPE, 'text/plain')),
        ('file[]', (pycurl.FORM_BUFFER, 'goodbye.txt',pycurl.FORM_BUFFERPTR, b'...', pycurl.FORM_CONTENTTYPE, 'text/plain')),
        ...
      ]
    """

    http_post = []
    for filename, spec in payload.items():
        if not isinstance(filename, text_type):
            filename = text_type(filename)

        filename2 = _ensure_ext(filename, default_ext)
        specs = spec if _is_many_specs(spec) else [spec]

        for one in specs:
            if not isinstance(one, (list, tuple)) or len(one) < 2:
                raise ValueError("Bad spec for %r: expected [fieldname, fileobj, (optional) ctype]" % filename)

            fieldname = one[0]
            fobj = one[1]
            ctype = one[2] if len(one) > 2 else None
            ctype = _normalize_ctype(filename2, ctype)

            data = fobj.read()
            try:
                fobj.seek(0)
            except Exception:
                pass

            # Important: pycurl wants bytes for FORM_BUFFERPTR
            # If someone fed you text in Py3, encode it.
            if isinstance(data, text_type):
                data = data.encode("utf-8")

            http_post.append((
                fieldname,
                (
                    pycurl.FORM_BUFFER, filename2,
                    pycurl.FORM_BUFFERPTR, data,
                    pycurl.FORM_CONTENTTYPE, ctype,
                )
            ))

    return http_post

class ResponseStream(io.RawIOBase):
    def __init__(self, body_iter):
        self.body = body_iter

    def read(self, n=-1):
        try:
            # Yields the next chunk from the HTTPCore stream
            return next(self.body)
        except StopIteration:
            return b""

def fix_localhost_cookies(jar: cookielib.CookieJar) -> None:
    """
    Convert cookies stored as localhost.local into host-only cookies for localhost,
    so they behave more like a real browser and don't break subsequent requests.
    """

    to_add = []
    to_del = []

    for c in jar:
        if getattr(c, "domain", None) == "localhost.local":
            to_del.append((c.domain, c.path, c.name))

            # Some Python versions store extra attrs in _rest, some in other places.
            rest = getattr(c, "rest", None)
            if rest is None:
                rest = getattr(c, "_rest", {}) or {}
            if not isinstance(rest, dict):
                rest = {}

            new_cookie = cookielib.Cookie(
                version=getattr(c, "version", 0),
                name=c.name,
                value=c.value,
                port=getattr(c, "port", None),
                port_specified=getattr(c, "port_specified", False),

                domain="localhost",
                domain_specified=False,       # host-only
                domain_initial_dot=False,

                path=getattr(c, "path", "/"),
                path_specified=getattr(c, "path_specified", True),

                secure=getattr(c, "secure", False),
                expires=getattr(c, "expires", None),
                discard=getattr(c, "discard", True),

                comment=getattr(c, "comment", None),
                comment_url=getattr(c, "comment_url", None),

                rest=rest,
                rfc2109=getattr(c, "rfc2109", False),
            )
            to_add.append(new_cookie)

    for dom, path, name in to_del:
        jar.clear(domain=dom, path=path, name=name)

    for c in to_add:
        jar.set_cookie(c)

def _cookie_header_from_jar(jar, url):
    """
    Build a Cookie header string from a CookieJar for a given URL.
    Respects domain/path/secure in a best-effort way.
    """
    u = urlparse(url)
    host = (u.hostname or "").lower()
    path = u.path or "/"
    secure = (u.scheme == "https")

    pairs = []
    now = int(time.time())

    for c in jar:
        # expired?
        if c.expires is not None and c.expires != 0 and c.expires < now:
            continue
        # secure?
        if c.secure and not secure:
            continue
        # domain match
        cd = (c.domain or "").lstrip(".").lower()
        if cd and host != cd and not host.endswith("." + cd):
            continue
        # path match
        cp = c.path or "/"
        if not path.startswith(cp):
            continue

        pairs.append("{}={}".format(c.name, c.value))

    return "; ".join(pairs)

def _update_jar_from_set_cookie(jar, url, set_cookie_values):
    """
    Parse Set-Cookie headers and update a CookieJar.
    set_cookie_values may be:
      - a single string
      - a list of strings
    """
    u = urlparse(url)
    host = (u.hostname or "").lower()
    default_path = u.path or "/"
    if "/" in default_path:
        default_path = default_path.rsplit("/", 1)[0] or "/"

    if not set_cookie_values:
        return

    # Py2: basestring; Py3: str
    try:
        string_types = (basestring,)
    except NameError:
        string_types = (str,)

    if isinstance(set_cookie_values, string_types):
        set_cookie_values = [set_cookie_values]

    for hdr in set_cookie_values:
        sc = SimpleCookie()
        sc.load(hdr)

        for name, morsel in sc.items():
            value = morsel.value

            domain = morsel["domain"] or host
            path = morsel["path"] or default_path
            secure = bool(morsel["secure"])
            expires = None  # (best effort placeholder)

            cookie = cookielib.Cookie(
                version=0,
                name=name,
                value=value,
                port=None,
                port_specified=False,
                domain=domain,
                domain_specified=bool(morsel["domain"]),
                domain_initial_dot=domain.startswith("."),
                path=path,
                path_specified=bool(morsel["path"]),
                secure=secure,
                expires=expires,
                discard=False,
                comment=None,
                comment_url=None,
                rest={},  # could add HttpOnly/SameSite if desired
                rfc2109=False,
            )
            jar.set_cookie(cookie)

def download_file_from_http_file(url, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, resumefile=None, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, httpmethod="GET", postdata=None, jsonpost=False, sendfiles=None, putfile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    if headers is None:
        headers = {}
    else:
        if(isinstance(headers, list)):
            headers = make_http_headers_from_list_to_dict(headers)
    if httpcookie is None:
        name = hashlib.sha1(getpass.getuser().encode("utf-8")).hexdigest() + ".txt"
        httpcookie = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), name)
    cookie_name, cookie_ext = os.path.splitext(httpcookie)
    cookiefile = httpcookie
    if(usehttp!="pycurl" or not havepycurl):
        if(cookie_ext == ".lwp"):
            policy = cookielib.DefaultCookiePolicy(netscape=True, rfc2965=False, hide_cookie2=True)
            httpcookie = cookielib.LWPCookieJar(cookiefile, policy=policy)
        else:
            policy = cookielib.DefaultCookiePolicy(netscape=True, rfc2965=False, hide_cookie2=True)
            httpcookie = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(cookiefile, policy=policy)
        if os.path.exists(cookiefile):
            httpcookie.load(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
        if(usehttp=="httpcore" or usehttp=="urllib3"):
            openeralt = build_opener(HTTPCookieProcessor(httpcookie))
            install_opener(openeralt)
    p = urlparse(url)
    username = unquote(p.username) if p.username else None
    password = unquote(p.password) if p.password else None
    if(httpmethod is None):
        httpmethod = "GET"
    httpmethod = httpmethod.upper()
    # Strip auth from URL
    netloc = p.hostname or ""
    if p.port:
        netloc += ":" + str(p.port)
    rebuilt_url = urlunparse((p.scheme, netloc, p.path, p.params, p.query, p.fragment))
    extendargs = {}

    if(resumefile is not None and hasattr(resumefile, "write")):
        resumefile.seek(0, 2)
        if('Range' in headers):
            headers['Range'] = "bytes=%d-" % resumefile.tell()
        else:
            headers.update({'Range': "bytes=%d-" % resumefile.tell()})
        httpfile = resumefile
    else:
        httpfile = MkTempFile()

    if(httpuseragent is not None):
        if('User-Agent' in headers):
            headers['User-Agent'] = httpuseragent
        else:
            headers.update({'User-Agent': httpuseragent})
    if(httpreferer is not None):
        if('Referer' in headers):
            headers['Referer'] = httpreferer
        else:
            headers.update({'Referer': httpreferer})

    socket.setdefaulttimeout(float(timeout))
    start_time = time.time()

    # Requests
    if usehttp == "requests" and haverequests:
        auth = (username, password) if (username and password) else None
        extendargs.update({'url': rebuilt_url, 'method': httpmethod, 'headers': headers, 'auth': auth, 'stream': True, 'allow_redirects': True, 'timeout': (float(timeout), float(timeout))})
        if(insessionvar is not None):
            session = insessionvar
        else:
            session = requests.Session()
        session.cookies = httpcookie
        try:
            if(httpmethod == "POST"):
                if(putfile is not None and sendfiles is not None):
                    putfile = None
                if(putfile is not None):
                    putfile.seek(0, 0)
                    extendargs.update({'data': putfile})
                if(sendfiles is not None and isinstance(sendfiles, dict)):
                    jsonpost = False
                    sendfiles = to_requests_files(sendfiles)
                    if(sendfiles is not None):
                        for _, (_, fobj, *_) in sendfiles:
                            if hasattr(fobj, "seek"):
                                fobj.seek(0)
                    extendargs.update({'files': sendfiles})
                if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'json': postdata})
                elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'data': postdata})
            elif(httpmethod == "PUT" or httpmethod == "PATCH" or httpmethod == "DELETE"):
                if(putfile is not None and sendfiles is not None):
                    sendfiles = None
                if(putfile is not None):
                    putfile.seek(0, 0)
                    extendargs.update({'data': putfile})
                if(sendfiles is not None and isinstance(sendfiles, dict)):
                    jsonpost = False
                    sendfiles = to_requests_files(sendfiles)
                    if(sendfiles is not None):
                        for _, (_, fobj, *_) in sendfiles:
                            if hasattr(fobj, "seek"):
                                fobj.seek(0)
                    extendargs.update({'files': sendfiles})
                if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'json': postdata})
                elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None and (isinstance(sendfiles, dict) or sendfiles is None)):
                    extendargs.update({'data': postdata})
            if(usesslcert is None):
                pass
            else:
                extendargs.update({'verify': usesslcert})
            r = session.request(**extendargs)
            r.raise_for_status()
        except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
            r = e.response
        except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror, requests.exceptions.ConnectionError):
            return False
        r.raw.decode_content = True
        if(resumefile is not None and hasattr(resumefile, "write")):
            if r.status_code == 206 and "Content-Range" in r.headers:
                pass
            else:
                httpfile.truncate(0)
                httpfile.seek(0, 0)
        #shutil.copyfileobj(r.raw, httpfile)
        for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=1024 * 1024):
            if chunk:
                httpfile.write(chunk)
        fix_localhost_cookies(httpcookie)
        session.cookies.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
        httpcodeout = r.status_code
        httpcodereason = r.reason
        vertostr = {
                    10: "HTTP/1.0",
                    11: "HTTP/1.1"
        }
        try:
            httpversionout = vertostr[r.raw.version]
        except AttributeError:
            httpversionout = "HTTP/1.1"
        httpmethodout = httpmethod
        httpurlout = r.url
        httpheaderout = r.headers
        httpheadersentout = r.request.headers
        httpsession = session
        if((not keepsession and not returnstats) or not keepsession or httpmethod == "HEAD"):
            session.close()
            httpsession = None

    # HTTPX
    elif usehttp == "httpx" and havehttpx:
        try:
            import h2
            usehttp2 = True
        except ImportError:
            usehttp2 = False
        try:
            if(insessionvar is not None):
                client = insessionvar
            else:
                if(usesslcert is None):
                    client = httpx.Client(follow_redirects=True, http1=True, http2=usehttp2, trust_env=True, timeout=float(timeout), cookies=httpcookie)
                else:
                    context = ssl.create_default_context()
                    context.load_verify_locations(cafile=usesslcert)
                    client = httpx.Client(follow_redirects=True, http1=True, http2=usehttp2, trust_env=True, timeout=float(timeout), cookies=httpcookie, verify=context)
            auth = (username, password) if (username and password) else None
            extendargs.update({'url': rebuilt_url, 'method': httpmethod, 'headers': headers, 'auth': auth, 'cookies': httpcookie})
            if(httpmethod == "POST"):
                if(putfile is not None and sendfiles is not None):
                    putfile = None
                if(putfile is not None):
                    putfile.seek(0, 0)
                    extendargs.update({'content': putfile})
                if(sendfiles is not None and isinstance(sendfiles, dict)):
                    jsonpost = False
                    sendfiles = to_requests_files(sendfiles)
                    if(sendfiles is not None):
                        for _, (_, fobj, *_) in sendfiles:
                            if hasattr(fobj, "seek"):
                                fobj.seek(0)
                    extendargs.update({'files': sendfiles})
                if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'json': postdata})
                elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'data': postdata})
            elif(httpmethod == "PUT" or httpmethod == "PATCH" or httpmethod == "DELETE"):
                if(putfile is not None and sendfiles is not None):
                    sendfiles = None
                if(putfile is not None):
                    putfile.seek(0, 0)
                    extendargs.update({'content': putfile})
                if(sendfiles is not None and isinstance(sendfiles, dict)):
                    jsonpost = False
                    sendfiles = to_requests_files(sendfiles)
                    if(sendfiles is not None):
                        for _, (_, fobj, *_) in sendfiles:
                            if hasattr(fobj, "seek"):
                                fobj.seek(0)
                    extendargs.update({'files': sendfiles})
                if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'json': postdata})
                elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'data': postdata})
            r = client.request(**extendargs)
            r.raise_for_status()
        except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
            r = e.response
        except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror, httpx.ConnectError):
            return False
        if(resumefile is not None and hasattr(resumefile, "write")):
            if r.status_code == 206 and "Content-Range" in r.headers:
                pass
            else:
                httpfile.truncate(0)
                httpfile.seek(0, 0)
        for chunk in r.iter_bytes(chunk_size=1024 * 1024):
            if chunk:
                httpfile.write(chunk)
        fix_localhost_cookies(httpcookie)
        httpcookie.save(cookiefile, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
        httpcodeout = r.status_code
        try:
            httpcodereason = r.reason_phrase
        except:
            httpcodereason = http_status_to_reason(r.status_code)
        httpversionout = r.http_version
        httpmethodout = httpmethod
        httpurlout = str(r.url)
        httpheaderout = {
            k.decode("ascii", errors="replace")
            if isinstance(k, (bytes, bytearray)) else str(k):
            v.decode("ascii", errors="replace")
            if isinstance(v, (bytes, bytearray)) else str(v)
            for k, v in r.headers.items()
        }
        httpheadersentout = r.request.headers
        httpsession = client
        if((not keepsession and not returnstats) or not keepsession or httpmethod == "HEAD"):
            client.close()
            httpsession = None


    # HTTPCore
    elif usehttp == "httpcore" and havehttpcore:
        try:
            import h2
            usehttp2 = True
        except ImportError:
            usehttp2 = False
        if(insessionvar is not None):
            client = insessionvar
        else:
            client = httpcore.ConnectionPool(http1=True, http2=usehttp2)
        timeoutdict = {"connect": float(timeout), "read": float(timeout), "write": float(timeout), "pool": float(timeout)}
        if(usesslcert is None):
            extdict = {'extensions': {"timeout": timeoutdict}}
        else:
            context = ssl.create_default_context()
            context.load_verify_locations(cafile=usesslcert)
            extdict = {'extensions': {"timeout": timeoutdict, 'ssl_context': context}}
        extendargs.update({'url': rebuilt_url, 'method': httpmethod})
        extendargs.update(extdict)
        if(httpmethod == "POST" or httpmethod == "PUT" or httpmethod == "PATCH" or httpmethod == "DELETE"):
            if(jsonpost and postdata is not None and putfile is None):
                if('Content-Type' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Type'] = "application/json"
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/json"})
                extendargs.update({'content': json.dumps(postdata).encode('UTF-8')})
            elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None and putfile is None):
                if('Content-Type' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Type'] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"})
                extendargs.update({'content': urlencode(postdata).encode('UTF-8')})
            elif(putfile is not None):
                putfile.seek(0, 2)
                if('Content-Type' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Type'] = "application/octet-stream"
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/octet-stream"})
                if('Content-Length' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Length'] = str(putfile.tell())
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Length': str(putfile.tell())})
                putfile.seek(0, 0)
                extendargs.update({'content': putfile})
        extendargs.update({'headers': headers})
        try:
            with client.stream(**extendargs, ) as r:
                decoded_headers = decode_headers_any(r.headers)
                if(resumefile is not None and hasattr(resumefile, "write")):
                    if r.status == 206 and "Content-Range" in decoded_headers:
                        pass
                    else:
                        httpfile.truncate(0)
                        httpfile.seek(0, 0)
                shutil.copyfileobj(ResponseStream(r.iter_stream()), httpfile, length=1024 * 1024)
        except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror, httpcore.ConnectError):
            return False
        fix_localhost_cookies(httpcookie)
        httpcookie.save(cookiefile, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
        httpcodeout = r.status
        httpcodereason = http_status_to_reason(r.status)
        httpversionout = r.extensions.get("http_version")
        if isinstance(httpversionout, (bytes, bytearray)):
            httpversionout = httpversionout.decode("ascii", errors="replace")
        httpmethodout = httpmethod
        httpurlout = str(rebuilt_url)
        httpheaderout = decoded_headers
        httpheadersentout = headers
        httpsession = client
        if((not keepsession and not returnstats) or not keepsession or httpmethod == "HEAD"):
            client.close()
            httpsession = None

    # Mechanize
    elif usehttp == "mechanize" and havemechanize:
        if(insessionvar is not None):
            br = insessionvar
        else:
            br = mechanize.Browser()
        br.set_cookiejar(httpcookie)
        br.set_handle_robots(False)

        if(usesslcert is None):
            pass
        else:
            br.set_ca_data(cafile=usesslcert)

        if username and password:
            br.add_password(rebuilt_url, username, password)
        if(not jsonpost and postdata is not None and not isinstance(postdata, dict)):
            postdata = urlencode(postdata).encode('UTF-8')
        elif(jsonpost and postdata is not None and not isinstance(postdata, dict)):
            postdata = json.dumps(postdata).encode('UTF-8')
        try:
            if(httpmethod == "GET"):
                if headers:
                    br.addheaders = list(headers.items())
                resp = br.open(rebuilt_url, timeout=timeout)
            elif(httpmethod == "POST"):
                extendargs.update({'timeout': float(timeout)})
                if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    if('Content-Type' in headers):
                        headers['Content-Type'] = "application/json"
                    else:
                        headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/json"})
                    extendargs.update({'data': json.dumps(postdata)})
                else:
                    extendargs.update({'data': urlencode(postdata).encode("ascii")})
                if headers:
                    br.addheaders = list(headers.items())
                resp = br.open(rebuilt_url, **extendargs)
            else:
                if headers:
                    br.addheaders = list(headers.items())
                resp = br.open(rebuilt_url, timeout=timeout)
        except HTTPError as e:
            resp = e
        except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror, URLError):
            return False
        if(resumefile is not None and hasattr(resumefile, "write")):
            if resp.code == 206 and "Content-Range" in dict(resp.info()):
                pass
            else:
                httpfile.truncate(0)
                httpfile.seek(0, 0)
        shutil.copyfileobj(resp, httpfile, length=1024 * 1024)
        fix_localhost_cookies(httpcookie)
        httpcookie.save(cookiefile, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
        httpcodeout = resp.code
        httpcodereason = resp.msg
        vertostr = {
                    10: "HTTP/1.0",
                    11: "HTTP/1.1"
        }
        try:
            httpversionout = vertostr[br.version]
        except AttributeError:
            httpversionout = "HTTP/1.1"
        httpmethodout = httpmethod
        httpurlout = resp.geturl()
        httpheaderout = dict(resp.info())
        reqhead = br.request
        httpheadersentout = reqhead.header_items()
        httpsession = br
        if((not keepsession and not returnstats) or not keepsession or httpmethod == "HEAD"):
            br.close()
            httpsession = None

    # URLLib3
    elif usehttp == "urllib3" and haveurllib3:
        if(insessionvar is not None):
            http = insessionvar
        else:
            if(usesslcert is None):
                http = urllib3.PoolManager(timeout=urllib3.Timeout(total=float(timeout)))
            else:
                http = urllib3.PoolManager(timeout=urllib3.Timeout(total=float(timeout)), cert_reqs='CERT_REQUIRED', ca_certs=usesslcert)
        if username and password:
            auth_headers = urllib3.make_headers(basic_auth="{}:{}".format(username, password))
            headers.update(auth_headers)
        # Request with preload_content=False to get a file-like object
        try:
            extendargs.update({'url': rebuilt_url, 'method': httpmethod, 'headers': headers, 'preload_content': False, 'decode_content': True})
            if(httpmethod == "POST"):
                if(putfile is not None and sendfiles is not None):
                    putfile = None
                if(putfile is not None and not isinstance(putfile, dict)):
                    putfile.seek(0, 0)
                    extendargs.update({'body': putfile})
                if(sendfiles is not None and isinstance(sendfiles, dict)):
                    jsonpost = False
                    sendfiles = to_requests_files(sendfiles)
                    if(sendfiles is not None):
                        for _, (_, fobj, *_) in sendfiles:
                            if hasattr(fobj, "seek"):
                                fobj.seek(0)
                    extendargs.update({'fields': sendfiles})
                if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'json': postdata})
                elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    if('fields' in extendargs):
                        extendargs['fields'].update({postdata})
                    else:
                        extendargs.update({'fields': postdata})
            elif(httpmethod == "PUT" or httpmethod == "PATCH" or httpmethod == "DELETE"):
                if(putfile is not None and sendfiles is not None):
                    sendfiles = None
                if(putfile is not None and not isinstance(putfile, dict)):
                    putfile.seek(0, 0)
                    extendargs.update({'body': putfile})
                if(sendfiles is not None and isinstance(sendfiles, dict)):
                    jsonpost = False
                    sendfiles = to_requests_files(sendfiles)
                    if(sendfiles is not None):
                        for _, (_, fobj, *_) in sendfiles:
                            if hasattr(fobj, "seek"):
                                fobj.seek(0)
                    extendargs.update({'fields': sendfiles})
                if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    extendargs.update({'json': postdata})
                elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                    if('fields' in extendargs):
                        extendargs['fields'].update({postdata})
                    else:
                        extendargs.update({'fields': postdata})
            cookie_hdr = _cookie_header_from_jar(httpcookie, rebuilt_url)
            if cookie_hdr:
                headers["Cookie"] = cookie_hdr
            resp = http.request(**extendargs)
            # urllib3 stores headers in resp.headers (HTTPHeaderDict)
            set_cookie_vals = resp.headers.getlist("Set-Cookie")  # returns [] if none
            _update_jar_from_set_cookie(httpcookie, rebuilt_url, set_cookie_vals)
        except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror, urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError):
            return False
        if(resumefile is not None and hasattr(resumefile, "write")):
            if resp.status == 206 and "Content-Range" in dict(resp.info()):
                pass
            else:
                httpfile.truncate(0)
                httpfile.seek(0, 0)
        shutil.copyfileobj(resp, httpfile, length=1024 * 1024)
        fix_localhost_cookies(httpcookie)
        httpcookie.save(cookiefile, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
        httpcodeout = resp.status
        httpcodereason = resp.reason
        vertostr = {
                    10: "HTTP/1.0",
                    11: "HTTP/1.1"
        }
        try:
            httpversionout = vertostr[resp.version]
        except AttributeError:
            httpversionout = "HTTP/1.1"
        httpmethodout = httpmethod
        httpurlout = resp.geturl()
        httpheaderout = dict(resp.info())
        httpheadersentout = headers
        resp.release_conn()
        httpsession = http
        if((not keepsession and not returnstats) or not keepsession or httpmethod == "HEAD"):
            http.clear()
            httpsession = None

    elif(usehttp == "pycurl" and havepycurl):
        retrieved_body = MkTempFile()
        retrieved_headers = MkTempFile()
        sentout_headers = MkTempFile()
        if(insessionvar is not None):
            curlreq = insessionvar
        else:
            curlreq = pycurl.Curl()
        if(hasattr(pycurl, "CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3_0")):
            usehttpver = pycurl.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3_0
        elif(hasattr(pycurl, "CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0")):
            usehttpver = pycurl.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0
        else:
            usehttpver = pycurl.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.URL, rebuilt_url)
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.HTTP_VERSION, usehttpver)
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.WRITEDATA, retrieved_body)
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.WRITEHEADER, retrieved_headers)
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.VERBOSE, 1)
        if(usesslcert is None):
            pass
        else:
            curlreq.setopt(pycurl.CAINFO, usesslcert)
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.DEBUGFUNCTION, lambda t, m: sentout_headers.write(m))
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, True)
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.TIMEOUT, timeout)
        # Load cookies from this file at the start
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEFILE, cookiefile)
        # Save cookies to this file when c.close() is called
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEJAR, cookiefile)
        if(httpmethod == "GET"):
            curlreq.setopt(pycurl.HTTPGET, True)
        elif(httpmethod == "POST"):
            if(putfile is not None and sendfiles is not None):
                putfile = None
            curlreq.setopt(pycurl.POST, True)
            if(sendfiles is not None):
                jsonpost = False
                sendfiles = to_pycurl_httpost(sendfiles)
                curlreq.setopt(pycurl.HTTPPOST, sendfiles)
            if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                if('Content-Type' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Type'] = "application/json"
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/json"})
                    curlreq.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, json.dumps(postdata).encode('UTF-8'))
            elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                curlreq.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, urlencode(postdata).encode('UTF-8'))
        elif(httpmethod == "PUT" or httpmethod == "PATCH" or httpmethod == "DELETE"):
            if(putfile is not None and sendfiles is not None):
                sendfiles = None
            curlreq.setopt(pycurl.CUSTOMREQUEST, httpmethod)
            if(putfile is not None):
                putfile.seek(0, 2)
                if('Content-Type' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Type'] = "application/octet-stream"
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/octet-stream"})
                if('Content-Length' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Length'] = str(putfile.tell())
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Length': str(putfile.tell())})
                curlreq.setopt(pycurl.UPLOAD, True)
                putfile.seek(0, 0)
                curlreq.setopt(pycurl.READDATA, putfile)
            if(sendfiles is not None):
                jsonpost = False
                sendfiles = to_pycurl_httpost(sendfiles)
                curlreq.setopt(pycurl.HTTPPOST, sendfiles)
            if(jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                if('Content-Type' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Type'] = "application/json"
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/json"})
                    curlreq.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, json.dumps(postdata).encode('UTF-8'))
            elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None):
                curlreq.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, urlencode(postdata).encode('UTF-8'))
        else:
            curlreq.setopt(pycurl.HTTPGET, True)
        headers = make_http_headers_from_dict_to_pycurl(headers)
        curlreq.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, headers)
        try:
            curlreq.perform()
        except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror, pycurl.error):
            curlreq.close()
            return False
        retrieved_headers.seek(0, 0)
        sentout_headers.seek(0, 0)
        httpheadersentpre = parse_pycurl_verbose(sentout_headers)
        sentout_headers.close()
        if(sys.version[0] == "2"):
            pycurlhead = retrieved_headers.read()
        if(sys.version[0] >= "3"):
            pycurlhead = retrieved_headers.read().decode('UTF-8')
        pycurlheadersout = make_http_headers_from_pycurl_to_dict(pycurlhead)
        retrieved_body.seek(0, 0)
        httpfile = retrieved_body
        retrieved_headers.close()
        HTTP_VERSION_MAP = {
            pycurl.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0: "HTTP/1.0",
            pycurl.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1: "HTTP/1.1",
        }
        # Optional HTTP/3 (only if compiled in)
        if hasattr(pycurl, "CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2"):
            HTTP_VERSION_MAP[pycurl.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2] = "HTTP/2.0"
        # Optional HTTP/3 (only if compiled in)
        if hasattr(pycurl, "CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3"):
            HTTP_VERSION_MAP[pycurl.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3] = "HTTP/3.0"
        ver_enum = curlreq.getinfo(pycurl.INFO_HTTP_VERSION)
        httpcodeout = curlreq.getinfo(pycurl.HTTP_CODE)
        httpcodereason = http_status_to_reason(curlreq.getinfo(pycurl.HTTP_CODE))
        httpversionout = HTTP_VERSION_MAP.get(ver_enum, "HTTP/1.1")
        httpmethodout = httpmethod
        httpurlout = curlreq.getinfo(pycurl.EFFECTIVE_URL)
        curlreq.close()
        httpheaderout = pycurlheadersout
        try:
            httpheadersentout = httpheadersentpre['request']['headers']
        except TypeError:
            httpheadersentout = headers
        httpsession = curlreq
        if((not keepsession and not returnstats) or not keepsession or httpmethod == "HEAD"):
            curlreq.close()
            httpsession = None

    # urllib fallback
    else:
        extendargs.update({'url': rebuilt_url, 'method': httpmethod})
        if(httpmethod == "POST" or httpmethod == "PUT" or httpmethod == "PATCH" or httpmethod == "DELETE"):
            if(putfile is not None and postdata is None):
                putfile.seek(0, 2)
                if('Content-Type' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Type'] = "application/octet-stream"
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/octet-stream"})
                if('Content-Length' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Length'] = str(putfile.tell())
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Length': str(putfile.tell())})
                putfile.seek(0, 0)
                extendargs.update({'data': putfile})
            if(jsonpost and postdata is not None and putfile is None):
                if('Content-Type' in headers):
                    headers['Content-Type'] = "application/json"
                else:
                    headers.update({'Content-Type': "application/json"})
                extendargs.update({'data': json.dumps(postdata)})
            elif(not jsonpost and postdata is not None and putfile is None):
                extendargs.update({'data': urlencode(postdata).encode("ascii")})
        extendargs.update({'headers': headers})
        req = Request(**extendargs)
        handlers = [HTTPCookieProcessor(httpcookie)]
        if username and password:
            mgr = HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
            mgr.add_password(None, rebuilt_url, username, password)
            handlers.insert(0, HTTPBasicAuthHandler(mgr))
        if(usesslcert is None):
            pass
        else:
            ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
            ssl_context.load_verify_locations(usesslcert)
            handlers.append(HTTPSHandler(context=ssl_context))
        if(insessionvar is not None):
            opener = insessionvar
        else:
            opener = build_opener(*handlers)        
        try:
            resp = opener.open(req, timeout=timeout)
        except HTTPError as e:
            resp = e;
        except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror, URLError):
            return False
        resp2 = decoded_stream(resp)
        if(resumefile is not None and hasattr(resumefile, "write")):
            if resp.getcode() == 206 and "Content-Range" in dict(resp.info()):
                pass
            else:
                httpfile.truncate(0)
                httpfile.seek(0, 0)
        shutil.copyfileobj(resp2, httpfile, length=1024 * 1024)
        fix_localhost_cookies(httpcookie)
        httpcookie.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
        httpcodeout = resp.getcode()
        try:
            httpcodereason = resp.reason
        except AttributeError:
            httpcodereason = http_status_to_reason(geturls_text.getcode())
        vertostr = {
                    10: "HTTP/1.0",
                    11: "HTTP/1.1"
        }
        try:
            httpversionout = vertostr[resp.version]
        except AttributeError:
            httpversionout = "HTTP/1.1"
        try:
            httpmethodout = resp.get_method()
        except AttributeError:
            httpmethodout = resp._method
        httpurlout = resp.geturl()
        httpheaderout = dict(resp.info())
        try:
            httpheadersentout =  req.unredirected_hdrs | req.headers
        except AttributeError:
            httpheadersentout = req.header_items()
        httpsession = opener
        if((not keepsession and not returnstats) or not keepsession or httpmethod == "HEAD"):
            httpsession = None


    fulldatasize = httpfile.tell()
    try:
        httpfile.seek(0, 0)
    except Exception:
        pass
    end_time = time.time()
    total_time = end_time - start_time
    if(not httpsession):
        httpsession = None
    if(returnstats):
        if(isinstance(httpheaderout, list)):
            httpheaderout = make_http_headers_from_list_to_dict(httpheaderout)
        httpheaderout = fix_header_names(httpheaderout)
        returnval = {'Type': "Buffer", 'Buffer': httpfile, 'Session': httpsession, 'ContentSize': fulldatasize, 'ContentsizeAlt': {'IEC': get_readable_size(
            fulldatasize, 2, "IEC"), 'SI': get_readable_size(fulldatasize, 2, "SI")}, 'Headers': httpheaderout, 'Version': httpversionout, 'Method': httpmethodout, 'HeadersSent': httpheadersentout, 'URL': httpurlout, 'Code': httpcodeout, 'Reason': httpcodereason, 'HTTPLib': usehttp, 'RequestTime': {'StartTime': start_time, 'EndTime': end_time, 'TotalTime': total_time}}
        return returnval
    else:
        if(httpmethod == "HEAD"):
            return httpheaderout
        else:
            return httpfile

def download_file_from_http_bytes(url, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, resumefile=None, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, httpmethod="GET", postdata=None, jsonpost=False, sendfiles=None, putfile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    fp = download_file_from_http_file(url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, resumefile, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, httpmethod, postdata, jsonpost, sendfiles, putfile, timeout, False)
    return fp.read() if fp else False

def download_file_from_http_to_file(url, outfile, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, postdata=None, jsonpost=False, sendfiles=None, putfile=None, timeout=60):
    if(os.path.exists(outfile)):
        outfile = open(outfile, "ab")
        outfile.seek(0, 2)
        httpbytes = download_file_from_http_file(url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, outfile, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, "GET", postdata, jsonpost, sendfiles, putfile, timeout, False)
        outfile.close()
    else:
        outfile = open(outfile, "wb")
        httpbytes = download_file_from_http_bytes(url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, None, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, "GET", postdata, jsonpost, sendfiles, putfile, timeout, False)
        outfile.write(httpbytes)
        outfile.close()
    return True

def file_list_to_file_dict(infiles=None, infields=None):
    outdict = {}
    if(infiles is None):
        infiles = []
    if(infields is None):
        infields = []
    for files, fields in zip(infiles, infields):
        filename = os.path.basename(files)
        openfile = open(files, "rb")
        openfile.seek(0, 0)
        outdict.update({filename: [fields, openfile]})
    return outdict

def upload_file_to_http_file(infiles, url, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, postdata=None, jsonpost=False, putfile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    return download_file_from_http_file(url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, None, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, "POST", postdata, jsonpost, infiles, putfile, timeout, returnstats)

def upload_file_to_http_from_file(infiles, infields, url, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, postdata=None, jsonpost=False, putfile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    infilelist = file_list_to_file_dict(infiles, infields)
    return upload_file_to_http_file(infilelist, url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, postdata, jsonpost, putfile, timeout, returnstats)

def download_file_from_https_file(url, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, resumefile=None, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, httpmethod="GET", postdata=None, jsonpost=False, sendfiles=None, putfile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    return download_file_from_http_file(url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, resumefile, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, httpmethod, postdata, jsonpost, sendfiles, putfile, timeout, returnstats)

def download_file_from_https_bytes(url, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, resumefile=None, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, httpmethod="GET", postdata=None, jsonpost=False, sendfiles=None, putfile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    return download_file_from_http_bytes(url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, resumefile, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, httpmethod, postdata, jsonpost, sendfiles, putfile, timeout, returnstats)

def download_file_from_https_file(url, outfile, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, postdata=None, jsonpost=False, sendfiles=None, putfile=None, timeout=60):
    return download_file_from_http_to_file(url, outfile, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, postdata, jsonpost, sendfiles, putfile, timeout)

def upload_file_to_https_file(infiles, url, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, postdata=None, jsonpost=False, putfile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    return upload_file_to_http_from_file(infiles, url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, postdata, jsonpost, putfile, timeout, returnstats)

def upload_file_to_https_from_file(infiles, infields, url, headers=None, usehttp=__use_http_lib__, usesslcert=defcert, keepsession=False, insessionvar=None, httpuseragent=None, httpreferer=None, httpcookie=None, postdata=None, jsonpost=False, putfile=None, timeout=60, returnstats=False):
    return upload_file_to_http_from_file(infiles, infields, url, headers, usehttp, usesslcert, keepsession, insessionvar, httpuseragent, httpreferer, httpcookie, postdata, jsonpost, putfile, timeout, returnstats)

# --------------------------
# TCP/UDP transport (receiver + sender)
# --------------------------

# UDPSEQ protocol (simple, robust, explicit DONE, supports resume)
_U_MAGIC = b"PWG2"                            # 4
_U_VER = 1                                    # 1 byte
_U_HDR = "!4sBBIQ Q".replace(" ", "")         # magic, ver, flags, seq(u32), total(u64)
_U_HDR_LEN = struct.calcsize(_U_HDR)

_UF_DATA   = 0x01
_UF_ACK    = 0x02
_UF_DONE   = 0x04
_UF_RESUME = 0x08
_UF_META   = 0x10
_UF_CRC    = 0x20

# ---- Protocol constants ----
_PT_INITIAL   = 0x01
_PT_HANDSHAKE = 0x02
_PT_0RTT      = 0x03
_PT_1RTT      = 0x04
_PT_RETRY     = 0x05
_PT_CLOSE     = 0x1c

# Frames
_FT_STREAM = 0x10   # STREAM: stream_id(u16) + off(u32) + len(u16) + data
_FT_ACK    = 0x02   # ACK: largest(u32) + ack_upto(u32) + sack_mask(u64)
_FT_META   = 0x20   # META: total_len(u64) + flags(u8) + optional text + token?
_FT_RESUME = 0x21   # RESUME: next_offset(u64)
_FT_DONE   = 0x22   # DONE: "DONE" + sha256(32) optional
_FT_RETRY  = 0x23   # RETRY: token_len(u16) + token(bytes)

_MF_RESUME_REQ = 0x01
_MF_HAS_TOKEN  = 0x02

_MAGIC = b"UQIC"
_HDR_FMT = "!4sBBQIH"
_HDR_SZ = struct.calcsize(_HDR_FMT)
_TAG_SZ = 16


def _u_pack(flags, seq, total, tid):
    return struct.pack(
        _U_HDR,
        _U_MAGIC,
        _U_VER,
        int(flags) & 0xFF,
        int(seq) & 0xFFFFFFFF,
        int(total) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF,
        int(tid) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF,
    )

def _u_unpack(pkt):
    if not pkt or len(pkt) < _U_HDR_LEN:
        return None
    magic, ver, flags, seq, total, tid = struct.unpack(_U_HDR, pkt[:_U_HDR_LEN])
    if magic != _U_MAGIC or ver != _U_VER:
        return None
    return (flags, seq, total, tid, pkt[_U_HDR_LEN:])

def _net_log(verbose, msg):
    if verbose:
        try:
            sys.stderr.write(msg + "\n")
            sys.stderr.flush()
        except Exception:
            pass

def _resolve_wait_timeout(scheme, mode, o):
    """Resolve effective wait timeout for sender-side wait/handshake.

    Priority:
      1) explicit wait_timeout
      2) wait_forever -> None
      3) positive total_timeout
      4) UDP raw -> None (wait indefinitely by default)
      5) fallback to timeout
    """
    wt = o.get("wait_timeout", None)
    if wt is not None:
        try:
            return float(wt)
        except Exception:
            return wt
    if o.get("wait_forever"):
        return None
    tt = o.get("total_timeout", 0.0)
    try:
        if tt not in (None, 0, 0.0) and float(tt) > 0.0:
            return float(tt)
    except Exception:
        pass
    if scheme == "udp" and (mode or "seq") == "raw":
        return None
    return o.get("timeout", None)

def _parse_net_url(url):
    p = urlparse(url)
    qs = parse_qs(p.query or "")
    mode = _qstr(qs, "mode", "seq" if p.scheme == "udp" else "raw").lower()

    # Timeouts:
    # - For TCP listener, legacy behavior is to wait indefinitely for a connection unless user asks otherwise.
    # - For UDP (especially seq mode), timeouts are needed to drive retransmit/finish behavior.
    has_timeout = "timeout" in qs
    if p.scheme == "tcp" and not has_timeout:
        timeout = None
    else:
        timeout = float(_qnum(qs, "timeout", 1.0 if p.scheme == "udp" else 30.0, cast=float))
    accept_timeout = float(_qnum(qs, "accept_timeout", 0.0 if p.scheme == "tcp" else (timeout or 0.0), cast=float))
    total_timeout = float(_qnum(qs, "total_timeout", 0.0, cast=float))
    window = int(_qnum(qs, "window", 32, cast=int))
    retries = int(_qnum(qs, "retries", 20, cast=int))
    chunk = int(_qnum(qs, "chunk", 1200 if p.scheme == "udp" else 65536, cast=int))
    print_url = _qflag(qs, "print_url", False)
    # Sender-side wait/retry options (tcp connect retry; udp raw-meta READY handshake)
    if "wait" in qs:
        wait = _qflag(qs, "wait", False)
    else:
        # Default ON for udp raw so sender waits for receiver like udp seq.
        wait = (p.scheme == "udp" and mode == "raw")
    if "connect_wait" in qs:
        connect_wait = _qflag(qs, "connect_wait", False)
    else:
        # Default ON for tcp so sender waits for receiver.
        connect_wait = (p.scheme == "tcp")
    handshake = _qflag(qs, "handshake", True if p.scheme in ("tcp","udp") else False)
    hello_interval = float(_qnum(qs, "hello_interval", 0.1, cast=float))
    wait_timeout = _qnum(qs, "wait_timeout", None, cast=float)
    wait_forever = _qflag(qs, "wait_forever", False)
    verbose = _qflag(qs, "verbose", False) or _qflag(qs, "debug", False)
    bind = _qstr(qs, "bind", None)
    resume = _qflag(qs, "resume", False)
    resume_to = _qstr(qs, "resume_to", None)
    save = _qflag(qs, "save", False)
    overwrite = _qflag(qs, "overwrite", False)
    save_dir = _qstr(qs, "save_dir", None)
    done = _qflag(qs, "done", False)
    done_token = _qstr(qs, "done_token", None)
    framing = _qstr(qs, "framing", None)
    sha256 = _qflag(qs, "sha256", False) or _qflag(qs, "sha", False)
    raw_meta = _qflag(qs, "raw_meta", True)
    raw_ack = _qflag(qs, "raw_ack", False)
    raw_ack_timeout = _qnum(qs, "raw_ack_timeout", 0.5, cast=float)
    raw_ack_retries = int(_qnum(qs, "raw_ack_retries", 40, cast=int))
    raw_ack_window = int(_qnum(qs, "raw_ack_window", 1, cast=int))
    if raw_ack_window < 1:
        raw_ack_window = 1
    raw_sha = _qflag(qs, "raw_sha", False)
    raw_hash = _qstr(qs, "raw_hash", "sha256")

    return p, {
        "mode": mode,
        "timeout": timeout,
        "accept_timeout": accept_timeout,
        "total_timeout": total_timeout,
        "window": window,
        "retries": retries,
        "chunk": chunk,
        "print_url": print_url,
        "wait": wait,
        "connect_wait": connect_wait,
        "wait_timeout": wait_timeout,
        "wait_forever": wait_forever,
        "verbose": verbose,
        "handshake": handshake,
        "hello_interval": hello_interval,
        "bind": bind,
        "resume": resume,
        "resume_to": resume_to,
        "save": save,
        "overwrite": overwrite,
        "save_dir": save_dir,
        "done": done,
        "done_token": done_token,
        "framing": framing,
        "sha256": sha256,
        "raw_meta": raw_meta,
        "raw_ack": raw_ack,
        "raw_ack_timeout": raw_ack_timeout,
        "raw_ack_retries": raw_ack_retries,
        "raw_ack_window": raw_ack_window,
        "raw_sha": raw_sha,
        "raw_hash": raw_hash,
    }

def recv_to_fileobj(fileobj, host, port, proto="tcp", path_text=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Receive bytes into fileobj.
    - TCP:
        * default: stream until FIN
        * framing=len: read a fixed header that declares payload length, then read exactly N bytes (safe)
        * optional sha256=1 with framing=len: reads a trailing sha256 digest and verifies
        * optional resume=1: receiver sends OFFSET <n>\n and sender seeks before streaming
    - UDP raw: receive until DONE frame (best effort) or end_timeout silence.
    - UDP seq: reliable with ACK/DONE and optional RESUME handshake.
        * framing=len: stop immediately when total length is reached (uses sender META length)
        * sha256=1: verify digest sent in DONE control packet (no token collision risk)
    """
    proto = (proto or "tcp").lower()
    port = int(port)

    if proto == "tcp":
        srv = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        try:
            srv.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        except Exception:
            pass
        srv.bind((host or "", port))
        srv.listen(1)

        chosen_port = srv.getsockname()[1]
        if kwargs.get("print_url"):
            path = path_text or "/"
            bind_host = host or "0.0.0.0"
            for u in _listen_urls("tcp", bind_host, chosen_port, path, ""):
                sys.stdout.write("Listening: %s\n" % u)
            try:
                sys.stdout.flush()
            except Exception:
                pass

        idle_to = kwargs.get("idle_timeout", None)
        acc_to = kwargs.get("accept_timeout", None)
        to = kwargs.get("timeout", None)
        try:
            if idle_to is not None and float(idle_to) > 0:
                srv.settimeout(float(idle_to))
            elif acc_to is not None and float(acc_to) > 0:
                srv.settimeout(float(acc_to))
            elif to is not None and float(to) > 0:
                srv.settimeout(float(to))
            else:
                srv.settimeout(None)  # legacy behavior
        except Exception:
            pass

        try:
            conn, _addr = srv.accept()
        except socket.timeout:
            try:
                srv.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            return False
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            try:
                srv.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            raise
        except Exception:
            try:
                srv.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            return False

        # Connection read timeout (separate from accept)
                # Optional handshake: if first line is HELLO <token>, reply READY <token>.
        # Uses MSG_PEEK so we only consume when HELLO is present.
        if kwargs.get("handshake", True):
            try:
                conn.settimeout(0.25)
                if hasattr(socket, "MSG_PEEK"):
                    peekh = conn.recv(6, socket.MSG_PEEK)
                else:
                    peekh = b""
            except Exception:
                peekh = b""
            try:
                if to is not None and float(to) > 0:
                    conn.settimeout(float(to))
                else:
                    conn.settimeout(None)
            except Exception:
                pass
            if peekh == b"HELLO ":
                line = b""
                while True:
                    b = conn.recv(1)
                    if not b:
                        break
                    line += b
                    if line.endswith(b"\n") or len(line) > 4096:
                        break
                tok = b""
                try:
                    parts = line.strip().split(None, 1)
                    if len(parts) == 2:
                        tok = parts[1]
                except Exception:
                    tok = b""
                try:
                    conn.sendall(b"READY " + tok + b"\n")
                except Exception:
                    pass

        try:
            if to is not None and float(to) > 0:
                conn.settimeout(float(to))
        except Exception:
            pass

        # Optional: consume "PATH ..." line (best effort)
        try:
            conn.settimeout(0.25)
            if hasattr(socket, "MSG_PEEK"):
                peek = conn.recv(5, socket.MSG_PEEK)
            else:
                peek = b""
        except Exception:
            peek = b""
        try:
            if to is not None and float(to) > 0:
                conn.settimeout(float(to))
            else:
                conn.settimeout(None)
        except Exception:
            pass

        if peek == b"PATH ":
            line = b""
            while True:
                b = conn.recv(1)
                if not b:
                    break
                line += b
                if line.endswith(b"\n") or len(line) > 4096:
                    break

        # Resume handshake: receiver tells sender where to start
        if kwargs.get("resume"):
            try:
                cur = fileobj.tell()
            except Exception:
                cur = 0
            msg = ("OFFSET %d\n" % int(cur)).encode("utf-8")
            try:
                conn.sendall(msg)
            except Exception:
                pass

        framing = (kwargs.get("framing") or "").lower()
        want_sha = bool(kwargs.get("sha256") or kwargs.get("sha") or kwargs.get("want_sha"))
        h = hashlib.sha256() if want_sha else None

        if framing == "len":
            # Header: b"PWG4" + uint64 size + uint32 flags (bit0=sha256)
            # Then payload bytes. If sha256 flag set, sender appends 32-byte digest after payload.
            try:
                header = b""
                while len(header) < 16:
                    chunk = conn.recv(16 - len(header))
                    if not chunk:
                        break
                    header += _to_bytes(chunk)
                if len(header) != 16 or not header.startswith(b"PWG4"):
                    # unknown framing header
                    try:
                        conn.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    try:
                        srv.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    return False
                size = struct.unpack("!Q", header[4:12])[0]
                flags = struct.unpack("!I", header[12:16])[0]
                sha_in_stream = bool(flags & 1)
                remaining = int(size)

                while remaining > 0:
                    chunk = conn.recv(min(65536, remaining))
                    if not chunk:
                        break
                    chunk = _to_bytes(chunk)
                    fileobj.write(chunk)
                    if h is not None:
                        h.update(chunk)
                    remaining -= len(chunk)

                if remaining != 0:
                    try:
                        conn.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    try:
                        srv.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    return False

                if sha_in_stream:
                    digest = b""
                    while len(digest) < 32:
                        part = conn.recv(32 - len(digest))
                        if not part:
                            break
                        digest += _to_bytes(part)
                    if len(digest) != 32:
                        try:
                            conn.close()
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                        try:
                            srv.close()
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                        return False
                    if h is not None:
                        if h.digest() != digest:
                            try:
                                conn.close()
                            except Exception:
                                pass
                            try:
                                srv.close()
                            except Exception:
                                pass
                            return False
                else:
                    # If user asked for sha but sender didn't provide it, treat as failure.
                    if want_sha:
                        try:
                            conn.close()
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                        try:
                            srv.close()
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                        return False

            except Exception:
                try:
                    conn.close()
                except Exception:
                    pass
                try:
                    srv.close()
                except Exception:
                    pass
                return False
        else:
            # DONE token mode (unsafe for binary unless token unlikely) OR plain FIN
            done = bool(kwargs.get("done"))
            tok = kwargs.get("done_token") or "\nDONE\n"
            tokb = _to_bytes(tok)
            tlen = len(tokb)
            tail = b""

            while True:
                try:
                    chunk = conn.recv(65536)
                except socket.timeout:
                    continue
                except Exception:
                    break
                if not chunk:
                    break
                chunk = _to_bytes(chunk)

                if not done:
                    fileobj.write(chunk)
                    continue

                buf = tail + chunk
                if tlen and buf.endswith(tokb):
                    if len(buf) > tlen:
                        fileobj.write(buf[:-tlen])
                    tail = b""
                    break

                if tlen and len(buf) > tlen:
                    fileobj.write(buf[:-tlen])
                    tail = buf[-tlen:]
                else:
                    tail = buf

            if done and tail:
                fileobj.write(tail)

        try:
            conn.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            srv.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return True

    # UDP modes
    mode = (kwargs.get("mode") or "seq").lower()
    if mode == "raw":
        return _udp_raw_recv(fileobj, host, port, **kwargs)
    elif mode == "quic":
        return _udp_quic_recv(fileobj, host, port, **kwargs)
    return _udp_seq_recv(fileobj, host, port, **kwargs)

def send_from_fileobj(fileobj, host, port, proto="tcp", path_text=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Send bytes from fileobj to a listening receiver.
    - TCP:
        * default: stream and close (FIN)
        * framing=len: send fixed header declaring remaining byte length; optional sha256=1 appends digest after payload
        * resume=1: wait for OFFSET <n>\n from receiver, then seek before sending
    - UDP raw: send chunks then DONE.
    - UDP seq: reliable with ACK/DONE and optional RESUME handshake.
        * sha256=1: include digest bytes in DONE control packet
    """
    proto = (proto or "tcp").lower()
    port = int(port)

    if proto == "tcp":
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        try:
            to = kwargs.get("timeout", None)
            if to is not None and float(to) > 0:
                sock.settimeout(float(to))
        except Exception:
            pass

        if "wait" not in kwargs and "connect_wait" not in kwargs:
            # Default ON: behave like udp seq (wait for receiver)
            kwargs["connect_wait"] = True
        wait = bool(kwargs.get("wait", False) or kwargs.get("connect_wait", False))
        wait_timeout = kwargs.get("wait_timeout", None)
        if wait_timeout is not None:
            try:
                wait_timeout = float(wait_timeout)
            except Exception:
                wait_timeout = None
        start_t = time.time()
        while True:
            try:
                sock.connect((host, port))
                break
            except Exception:
                if not wait:
                    try:
                        sock.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    return False
                if wait_timeout is not None and wait_timeout >= 0 and (time.time() - start_t) >= wait_timeout:
                    try:
                        sock.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    return False
                try:
                    _net_log(kwargs.get("verbose"), "TCP: waiting for receiver (connect refused), retrying...")

                    time.sleep(0.1)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                continue

        # App-level handshake (default ON): sender sends HELLO <token>, receiver replies READY <token>.
        if kwargs.get("handshake", True):
            tok = kwargs.get("token")
            if tok is None:
                tok = _hs_token()
            else:
                tok = _to_bytes(tok)
            try:
                sock.sendall(b"HELLO " + tok + b"\n")
            except Exception:
                try:
                    sock.close()
                except Exception:
                    pass
                return False
            # Wait for READY (bounded by wait_timeout if provided)
            wt = kwargs.get("wait_timeout", None)
            try:
                sock.settimeout(float(wt) if wt is not None else None)
            except Exception:
                pass
            buf = b""
            while b"\n" not in buf and len(buf) < 4096:
                try:
                    b = sock.recv(1024)
                except Exception:
                    b = b""
                if not b:
                    try:
                        sock.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    return False
                buf += b
            line = buf.split(b"\n", 1)[0].strip()
            if not line.startswith(b"READY"):
                try:
                    sock.close()
                except Exception:
                    pass
                return False
            if b" " in line:
                rt = line.split(None, 1)[1].strip()
                if rt and rt != tok:
                    try:
                        sock.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    return False
            # restore user timeout if any
            try:
                to = kwargs.get("timeout", None)
                if to is not None and float(to) > 0:
                    sock.settimeout(float(to))
                else:
                    sock.settimeout(None)
            except Exception:
                pass

        if path_text:
            try:
                line = ("PATH %s\n" % (path_text or "/")).encode("utf-8")
                sock.sendall(line)
            except Exception:
                pass

        if kwargs.get("resume"):
            try:
                buf = b""
                while not buf.endswith(b"\n") and len(buf) < 128:
                    b = sock.recv(1)
                    if not b:
                        break
                    buf += b
                if buf.startswith(b"OFFSET "):
                    off = int(buf.split()[1])
                    try:
                        fileobj.seek(off, 0)
                    except Exception:
                        pass
            except Exception:
                pass

        framing = (kwargs.get("framing") or "").lower()
        want_sha = bool(kwargs.get("sha256") or kwargs.get("sha") or kwargs.get("want_sha"))
        h = hashlib.sha256() if want_sha else None

        if framing == "len":
            # Compute remaining size
            size = None
            try:
                cur = fileobj.tell()
                fileobj.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
                end = fileobj.tell()
                fileobj.seek(cur, os.SEEK_SET)
                size = int(end - cur)
            except Exception:
                size = None
            if size is None or size < 0:
                try:
                    sock.close()
                except Exception:
                    pass
                return False
            flags = 1 if want_sha else 0
            header = b"PWG4" + struct.pack("!Q", int(size)) + struct.pack("!I", int(flags))
            try:
                sock.sendall(header)
            except Exception:
                try:
                    sock.close()
                except Exception:
                    pass
                return False

        try:
            while True:
                data = fileobj.read(65536)
                if not data:
                    break
                data = _to_bytes(data)
                sock.sendall(data)
                if h is not None:
                    h.update(data)

            if framing == "len" and want_sha:
                # append digest after payload
                sock.sendall(h.digest())

            elif kwargs.get("done"):
                # token mode (legacy)
                tok = kwargs.get("done_token") or "\nDONE\n"
                sock.sendall(_to_bytes(tok))
        except Exception:
            try:
                sock.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            return False

        try:
            sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            sock.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        return True

    mode = (kwargs.get("mode") or "seq").lower()
    if mode == "raw":
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        addr = (host, int(port))
        chunk = int(kwargs.get("chunk", 1200))

        # META length for raw UDP (default on): helps receiver finish immediately after N bytes.
        raw_meta = kwargs.get("raw_meta", True)
        raw_sha = kwargs.get("raw_sha", False)
        raw_hash = (kwargs.get("raw_hash", "sha256") or "sha256").lower()

        # Determine remaining length if seekable
        total_len = None
        pos = None
        if raw_meta or raw_sha:
            try:
                pos = fileobj.tell()
                fileobj.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
                end = fileobj.tell()
                fileobj.seek(pos, os.SEEK_SET)
                total_len = int(end - pos)
                if total_len < 0:
                    total_len = None
            except Exception:
                total_len = None
                try:
                    if pos is not None:
                        fileobj.seek(pos, os.SEEK_SET)
                except Exception:
                    pass

        if raw_meta and total_len is not None:
            if raw_meta and total_len is not None:
                try:
                    sock.sendto(b"META " + str(total_len).encode("ascii") + b"\n", addr)
                except Exception:
                    pass

        if "wait" not in kwargs and "connect_wait" not in kwargs:
            # Default ON for udp raw: behave like udp seq (wait for receiver)
            kwargs["wait"] = True
        # If requested, wait for receiver readiness (handshake).
# Default handshake=1 makes udp raw behave like tcp/udp-seq: sender will not start until receiver replies READY.
        if (kwargs.get("wait") or kwargs.get("connect_wait")):
            wt = kwargs.get("wait_timeout", None)
            try:
                wt = float(wt) if wt is not None else None
            except Exception:
                wt = None
            hello_iv = kwargs.get("hello_interval", 0.1)
            try:
                hello_iv = float(hello_iv)
            except Exception:
                hello_iv = 0.1
            if hello_iv <= 0:
                hello_iv = 0.1
            start_t = time.time()
            tok = kwargs.get("token")
            if tok is None:
                tok = _hs_token()
            else:
                tok = _to_bytes(tok)
            # For legacy receivers (no token), accept READY\n as well.
            while True:
                if wt is not None and wt >= 0 and (time.time() - start_t) >= wt:
                    try:
                        sock.close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    return False
                if kwargs.get("handshake", True):
                    try:
                        sock.sendto(b"HELLO " + tok + b"\n", addr)
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                # also send META periodically so old receivers can respond READY
                if raw_meta and total_len is not None:
                    try:
                        sock.sendto(b"META " + str(total_len).encode("ascii") + b"\n", addr)
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                try:
                    sock.settimeout(hello_iv)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                try:
                    pkt, _a = sock.recvfrom(1024)
                    if pkt.startswith(b"READY"):
                        _net_log(kwargs.get("verbose"), "UDP raw: received READY from receiver")
                        # READY or READY <token>
                        if b" " in pkt:
                            rt = pkt.split(None, 1)[1].strip()
                            if rt and rt != tok:
                                continue
                        break
                except Exception:
                    pass

        # Optional checksum advertisement (for raw UDP). Receiver will verify after full payload.
        expected_hex = None
        if raw_sha and total_len is not None:
            try:
                h = hashlib.sha256() if raw_hash != "md5" else hashlib.md5()
                cur = fileobj.tell()
                while True:
                    b = fileobj.read(65536)
                    if not b:
                        break
                    h.update(_to_bytes(b))
                expected_hex = h.hexdigest()
                fileobj.seek(cur, os.SEEK_SET)
            except Exception:
                expected_hex = None
                try:
                    if pos is not None:
                        fileobj.seek(pos, os.SEEK_SET)
                except Exception:
                    pass

        if raw_sha and expected_hex:
            try:
                sock.sendto(b"HASH " + raw_hash.encode("ascii") + b" " + expected_hex.encode("ascii") + b"\n", addr)
            except Exception:
                pass

        # Send payload
        if kwargs.get("raw_ack"):
            # Reliable UDP (Go-Back-N) using PKT/ACK framing.
            # PKT: b"PKT <seq> <data...>"
            # ACK: b"ACK <last_in_order>" (receiver sends exp_seq-1)
            ack_to = kwargs.get("raw_ack_timeout", 0.5)
            try:
                ack_to = float(ack_to)
            except Exception:
                ack_to = 0.5
            retries_max = kwargs.get("raw_ack_retries", 40)
            try:
                retries_max = int(retries_max)
            except Exception:
                retries_max = 40
            win = kwargs.get("raw_ack_window", 1)
            try:
                win = int(win)
            except Exception:
                win = 1
            if win < 1:
                win = 1

            base_seq = 0
            next_seq = 0
            pkts = {}
            eof = False
            timeout_tries = 0
            try:
                sock.settimeout(ack_to)
            except Exception:
                pass

            def _make_pkt(_seq, _data):
                return b"PKT " + str(_seq).encode("ascii") + b" " + _to_bytes(_data)

            while True:
                # Fill window
                while (not eof) and next_seq < base_seq + win:
                    data = fileobj.read(chunk)
                    if not data:
                        eof = True
                        break
                    pkt = _make_pkt(next_seq, data)
                    pkts[next_seq] = pkt
                    try:
                        sock.sendto(pkt, addr)
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    next_seq += 1

                if eof and base_seq == next_seq:
                    break

                try:
                    apkt, _a = sock.recvfrom(1024)
                    if apkt.startswith(b"ACK "):
                        try:
                            aseq = int(apkt.split()[1])
                        except Exception:
                            aseq = -1
                        new_base = aseq + 1
                        if new_base > base_seq:
                            for s in list(pkts.keys()):
                                if s < new_base:
                                    try:
                                        del pkts[s]
                                    except Exception:
                                        pass
                            base_seq = new_base
                            timeout_tries = 0
                except Exception:
                    timeout_tries += 1
                    if retries_max >= 0 and timeout_tries >= retries_max:
                        try:
                            sock.close()
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                        return False
                    for s in range(base_seq, next_seq):
                        pkt = pkts.get(s)
                        if pkt is None:
                            continue
                        try:
                            sock.sendto(pkt, addr)
                        except Exception:
                            pass
        else:
            while True:
                data = fileobj.read(chunk)
                if not data:
                    break
                sock.sendto(_to_bytes(data), addr)

        # DONE for compatibility / receivers without META
        try:
            sock.sendto(b"DONE", addr)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            sock.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        return True

    elif mode == "quic":
        return _udp_quic_send(fileobj, host, port, **kwargs)

    return _udp_seq_send(fileobj, host, port, **kwargs)

def _udp_raw_recv(fileobj, host, port, **kwargs):
    """
    Raw UDP receive.

    Backwards compatible behavior:
      - If a META <len>
 packet is received first, read until exactly len bytes are written (fast finish).
      - Otherwise, fall back to legacy: read until DONE packet or end_timeout seconds of silence.

    Optional integrity check:
      - If raw_sha=1 and a HASH <algo> <hex> packet is received, verify digest and return True/False.
      - If raw_sha=1 but no HASH is received, returns False (since verification was requested).
    """
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    sock.bind((host or "", int(port)))

    if kwargs.get("print_url"):
        sys.stdout.write("Listening: udp://%s:%d/\n" % (host or "0.0.0.0", sock.getsockname()[1]))
        try:
            sys.stdout.flush()
        except Exception:
            pass

    sock.settimeout(float(kwargs.get("timeout", 1.0)))
    end_timeout = float(kwargs.get("end_timeout", 0.25))

    want_sha = bool(kwargs.get("raw_sha", False))
    raw_hash = (kwargs.get("raw_hash", "sha256") or "sha256").lower()
    hasher = None
    expected_hex = None
    if want_sha:
        hasher = hashlib.sha256() if raw_hash != "md5" else hashlib.md5()

    # --- FIX: initialize raw-ack state (prevent NameError in raw_ack mode) ---
    want_ack = bool(kwargs.get("raw_ack") or kwargs.get("want_ack"))
    exp_seq = 0
    bytes_written = 0

    expected = None
    received = 0
    last = time.time()
    saw_any = False

    while True:
        try:
            pkt, _addr = sock.recvfrom(65536)
            # Handshake: sender announces itself; reply READY <token>.
            if kwargs.get("handshake", True) and pkt.startswith(b"HELLO "):
                tok = pkt.split(None, 1)[1].strip() if b" " in pkt else b""
                try:
                    sock.sendto(b"READY " + tok + b"\n", _addr)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                continue

        except socket.timeout:
            if expected is not None:
                continue
            if saw_any and (time.time() - last) >= end_timeout:
                break
            continue
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            try:
                sock.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            raise
        except Exception:
            break

        if not pkt:
            continue

        saw_any = True
        last = time.time()

        if expected is None and pkt.startswith(b"META "):
            try:
                line = pkt.split(b"\n", 1)[0]
                expected = int(line.split()[1])
                try:
                    sock.sendto(b"READY\n", _addr)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                if expected < 0:
                    expected = None
            except Exception:
                expected = None
            continue

        if pkt.startswith(b"HASH "):
            try:
                line = pkt.split(b"\n", 1)[0]
                parts = line.split()
                algo = parts[1].decode("ascii", "ignore").lower()
                hx = parts[2].decode("ascii", "ignore")
                expected_hex = hx
                if not want_sha:
                    want_sha = True
                raw_hash = algo or raw_hash
                hasher = hashlib.sha256() if raw_hash != "md5" else hashlib.md5()
            except Exception:
                pass
            continue

        if pkt == b"DONE":
            break

        if expected is None:
            if want_ack and pkt.startswith(b"PKT "):
                # Go-Back-N receiver: accept only in-order seq, ACK exp_seq-1
                try:
                    parts = pkt.split(b" ", 2)
                    seq = int(parts[1])
                    payload = parts[2] if len(parts) > 2 else b""
                except Exception:
                    seq = -1
                    payload = b""
                if seq == exp_seq:
                    try:
                        fileobj.write(payload)
                    except Exception:
                        try:
                            fileobj.write(_to_bytes(payload))
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                    if hasher is not None:
                        try:
                            hasher.update(payload)
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                    bytes_written += len(payload)
                    exp_seq += 1
                try:
                    sock.sendto(b"ACK " + str(exp_seq - 1).encode("ascii") + b"\n", _addr)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                continue
            fileobj.write(pkt)
            if hasher is not None:
                hasher.update(pkt)
        else:
            remain = expected - received
            if remain <= 0:
                break
            if len(pkt) <= remain:
                fileobj.write(pkt)
                if hasher is not None:
                    hasher.update(pkt)
                received += len(pkt)
            else:
                piece = pkt[:remain]
                fileobj.write(piece)
                if hasher is not None:
                    hasher.update(piece)
                received += remain
                break

        if expected is not None and received >= expected:
            break

    try:
        sock.close()
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        fileobj.seek(0, 0)
    except Exception:
        pass

    if want_sha:
        if expected_hex is None:
            return False
        try:
            return (hasher.hexdigest().lower() == expected_hex.strip().lower())
        except Exception:
            return False

    return True
def _udp_seq_send(fileobj, host, port, resume=False, path_text=None, **kwargs):
    addr = (host, int(port))
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

    # --- RTT-based timeout params ---
    base_timeout = float(kwargs.get("timeout", 1.0))
    min_to = float(kwargs.get("min_timeout", 0.05))
    max_to = float(kwargs.get("max_timeout", 3.0))

    # Start with base timeout; will adapt
    timeout = max(min_to, min(max_to, base_timeout))
    sock.settimeout(timeout)

    chunk = int(kwargs.get("chunk", 1200))
    max_window = int(kwargs.get("window", 32))          # cap
    init_window = int(kwargs.get("init_window", max(1, min(4, max_window))))
    retries = int(kwargs.get("retries", 20))
    total_timeout = float(kwargs.get("total_timeout", 0.0))

    enable_fast_retx = bool(kwargs.get("fast_retx", True))

    # CRC option
    use_crc = bool(kwargs.get("crc32", False))

    want_sha = bool(kwargs.get("sha256") or kwargs.get("sha") or kwargs.get("want_sha"))
    _h = hashlib.sha256() if want_sha else None

    tid = int(kwargs.get("tid", 0) or 0)
    if tid == 0:
        tid = randbits(64)

    # stats
    stats = {
        "tid": tid,
        "bytes_sent_payload": 0,
        "pkts_sent": 0,
        "pkts_retx": 0,
        "pkts_acked": 0,
        "pkts_sacked": 0,
        "loss_events": 0,
        "duration_s": 0.0,
        "throughput_Bps": 0.0,
        "srtt": None,
        "rttvar": None,
        "timeout": timeout,
        "cwnd_start": init_window,
        "cwnd_end": init_window,
    }

    # discover total length if possible
    total = 0
    try:
        start_pos = fileobj.tell()
        fileobj.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
        total = int(fileobj.tell())
        fileobj.seek(start_pos, os.SEEK_SET)
    except Exception:
        total = 0

    # Resume handshake
    start_seq = 0
    if resume:
        sock.sendto(_u_pack(_UF_META, 0xFFFFFFFF, total, tid) + b"RESUME", addr)
        t0 = time.time()
        while True:
            if total_timeout and (time.time() - t0) > total_timeout:
                break
            try:
                pkt, _peer = sock.recvfrom(2048)
            except Exception:
                break
            up = _u_unpack(pkt)
            if not up:
                continue
            flags, _seq, _t, r_tid, payload = up
            if r_tid != tid:
                continue
            if (flags & _UF_RESUME) and len(payload) >= 4:
                resume_seq = struct.unpack("!I", payload[:4])[0]
                try:
                    fileobj.seek(int(resume_seq) * chunk, os.SEEK_SET)
                    start_seq = int(resume_seq)
                except Exception:
                    start_seq = 0
                break

    # Congestion window (AIMD)
    cwnd = max(1, min(max_window, init_window))
    cwnd_float = float(cwnd)  # for additive increase smoothing

    next_seq = start_seq
    in_flight = {}  # seq -> (wire_payload, ts_sent, tries, data_len)

    # RTT estimator (EWMA, TCP-like)
    srtt = None
    rttvar = None

    def _update_rtt(sample):
        nonlocal srtt, rttvar, timeout
        if sample <= 0:
            return
        if srtt is None:
            srtt = sample
            rttvar = sample / 2.0
        else:
            # RFC6298-ish
            alpha = 1 / 8
            beta = 1 / 4
            rttvar = (1 - beta) * rttvar + beta * abs(srtt - sample)
            srtt = (1 - alpha) * srtt + alpha * sample
        timeout = srtt + 4.0 * rttvar
        timeout = max(min_to, min(max_to, timeout))
        try:
            sock.settimeout(timeout)
        except Exception:
            pass

    def _loss_event():
        nonlocal cwnd, cwnd_float
        stats["loss_events"] += 1
        cwnd = max(1, cwnd // 2)
        cwnd_float = float(cwnd)

    def _ai_increase(acked_count):
        # additive increase: cwnd += acked/cwnd (smoothed)
        nonlocal cwnd, cwnd_float
        if acked_count <= 0:
            return
        cwnd_float += float(acked_count) / max(1.0, float(cwnd))
        new_cwnd = int(cwnd_float)
        if new_cwnd > cwnd:
            cwnd = min(max_window, new_cwnd)
            cwnd_float = float(cwnd)

    def _send_pkt(seq, wire_payload, flags):
        sock.sendto(_u_pack(flags, seq, total, tid) + wire_payload, addr)
        stats["pkts_sent"] += 1

    t_start = time.time()
    failed = False

    def _read_chunk():
        data = fileobj.read(chunk)
        if not data:
            return None
        data = _to_bytes(data)
        if _h is not None:
            _h.update(data)
        return data

    # Prime window
    eof = False
    while not eof and len(in_flight) < cwnd:
        data = _read_chunk()
        if data is None:
            eof = True
            break
        flags = _UF_DATA | (_UF_CRC if use_crc else 0)
        wire = struct.pack("!I", zlib.crc32(data) & 0xFFFFFFFF) + data if use_crc else data
        _send_pkt(next_seq, wire, flags)
        in_flight[next_seq] = (wire, time.time(), 0, len(data))
        stats["bytes_sent_payload"] += len(data)
        next_seq += 1

    while in_flight or not eof:
        if total_timeout and (time.time() - t_start) > total_timeout:
            failed = True
            break

        # Receive ACKs + SACK
        try:
            pkt, _peer = sock.recvfrom(2048)
            up = _u_unpack(pkt)
            if up:
                flags, _seq, _t, r_tid, payload = up
                if r_tid == tid and (flags & _UF_ACK) and len(payload) >= 4:
                    ack_upto = None
                    sack_mask = 0
                    if len(payload) >= 12:
                        ack_upto, sack_mask = struct.unpack("!IQ", payload[:12])
                    else:
                        (ack_upto,) = struct.unpack("!I", payload[:4])

                    newly_acked = 0
                    now = time.time()

                    # Cumulative ACK: drop all <= ack_upto
                    for s in [s for s in list(in_flight.keys()) if s <= ack_upto]:
                        wire, ts, _tries, _dlen = in_flight[s]
                        # RTT sample from original send timestamp (works best if not retransmitted)
                        sample = now - ts
                        _update_rtt(sample)
                        del in_flight[s]
                        stats["pkts_acked"] += 1
                        newly_acked += 1

                    # SACK: drop indicated packets after base=(ack_upto+1)
                    if sack_mask:
                        base = (ack_upto + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF
                        for i in range(64):
                            if (sack_mask >> i) & 1:
                                s = (base + i) & 0xFFFFFFFF
                                if s in in_flight:
                                    wire, ts, _tries, _dlen = in_flight[s]
                                    sample = now - ts
                                    _update_rtt(sample)
                                    del in_flight[s]
                                    stats["pkts_sacked"] += 1
                                    newly_acked += 1

                        # Optional fast retransmit: resend base if still outstanding
                        if enable_fast_retx:
                            missing = base
                            if missing in in_flight:
                                wire, _ts, tries, _dlen = in_flight[missing]
                                if tries < retries:
                                    _send_pkt(missing, wire, _UF_DATA | (_UF_CRC if use_crc else 0))
                                    in_flight[missing] = (wire, time.time(), tries + 1, _dlen)
                                    stats["pkts_retx"] += 1
                                    _loss_event()

                    _ai_increase(newly_acked)
        except socket.timeout:
            pass
        except Exception:
            pass

        # Retransmit timed-out packets
        now = time.time()
        for seq in list(in_flight.keys()):
            wire, ts, tries, dlen = in_flight[seq]
            if (now - ts) >= timeout:
                if tries >= retries:
                    failed = True
                    in_flight.clear()
                    break
                _send_pkt(seq, wire, _UF_DATA | (_UF_CRC if use_crc else 0))
                in_flight[seq] = (wire, now, tries + 1, dlen)
                stats["pkts_retx"] += 1
                _loss_event()

        if failed:
            break

        # Fill window based on cwnd
        while not eof and len(in_flight) < cwnd:
            data = _read_chunk()
            if data is None:
                eof = True
                break
            flags = _UF_DATA | (_UF_CRC if use_crc else 0)
            wire = struct.pack("!I", zlib.crc32(data) & 0xFFFFFFFF) + data if use_crc else data
            _send_pkt(next_seq, wire, flags)
            in_flight[next_seq] = (wire, time.time(), 0, len(data))
            stats["bytes_sent_payload"] += len(data)
            next_seq += 1

    # finalize stats
    dur = max(1e-9, time.time() - t_start)
    stats["duration_s"] = dur
    stats["throughput_Bps"] = float(stats["bytes_sent_payload"]) / dur
    stats["timeout"] = timeout
    stats["srtt"] = srtt
    stats["rttvar"] = rttvar
    stats["cwnd_end"] = cwnd

    if failed:
        try:
            sock.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        if kwargs.get("return_stats"):
            return (False, stats)
        so = kwargs.get("stats_obj")
        if isinstance(so, dict):
            so.update(stats)
        return False

    # DONE marker
    payload = b"DONE"
    if _h is not None:
        payload += _h.digest()

    for _i in range(3):
        sock.sendto(_u_pack(_UF_DONE, 0xFFFFFFFE, total, tid) + payload, addr)
        time.sleep(0.02)

    try:
        sock.close()
    except Exception:
        pass

    so = kwargs.get("stats_obj")
    if isinstance(so, dict):
        so.update(stats)

    if kwargs.get("return_stats"):
        return (True, stats)
    return True
def _udp_seq_recv(fileobj, host, port, **kwargs):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    sock.bind((host or "", int(port)))

    if kwargs.get("print_url"):
        sys.stdout.write("Listening: udp://%s:%d/\n" % (host or "0.0.0.0", sock.getsockname()[1]))
        try:
            sys.stdout.flush()
        except Exception:
            pass

    timeout = float(kwargs.get("timeout", 1.0))
    sock.settimeout(timeout)

    chunk = int(kwargs.get("chunk", 1200))
    window = int(kwargs.get("window", 32))
    total_timeout = float(kwargs.get("total_timeout", 0.0))

    framing = (kwargs.get("framing") or "").lower()
    want_sha = bool(kwargs.get("sha256") or kwargs.get("sha") or kwargs.get("want_sha"))
    _h = hashlib.sha256() if want_sha else None

    # CRC option (must match sender)
    use_crc = bool(kwargs.get("crc32", False))

    total_len = None
    bytes_written = 0
    got_digest = None

    resume_off = 0
    try:
        resume_off = int(kwargs.get("resume_offset", 0) or 0)
    except Exception:
        resume_off = 0
    resume_seq = int(max(0, resume_off) // chunk)
    expected = resume_seq

    received = {}   # seq -> payload (data bytes only)
    done = False
    complete = False
    t0 = time.time()

    active_tid = None

    # stats
    crc_bad = 0

    def _ack(addr):
        # Payload: ack_upto(u32) + sack_mask(u64)
        ack_upto = int(expected - 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF
        sack_mask = 0
        base = int(expected)
        for s in received.keys():
            d = int(s) - base
            if 0 <= d < 64:
                sack_mask |= (1 << d)
        payload = struct.pack("!IQ", ack_upto, sack_mask)
        sock.sendto(_u_pack(_UF_ACK, 0, 0, active_tid) + payload, addr)

    def _send_resume(addr):
        sock.sendto(
            _u_pack(_UF_RESUME, 0xFFFFFFFE, 0, active_tid)
            + struct.pack("!I", int(resume_seq) & 0xFFFFFFFF),
            addr,
        )

    while True:
        if total_timeout and (time.time() - t0) > total_timeout:
            break
        try:
            pkt, addr = sock.recvfrom(65536)
        except socket.timeout:
            if complete and want_sha:
                continue
            if done and not received:
                break
            continue
        except Exception:
            break

        up = _u_unpack(pkt)
        if not up:
            continue
        flags, seq, total, tid, payload = up

        if active_tid is None:
            active_tid = tid
        if tid != active_tid:
            continue

        if total_len is None and total:
            try:
                total_len = int(total)
            except Exception:
                total_len = None

        if flags & _UF_META:
            try:
                _send_resume(addr)
            except Exception:
                pass
            continue

        if flags & _UF_DONE:
            done = True
            if payload.startswith(b"DONE") and len(payload) >= 4 + 32:
                got_digest = payload[4:4 + 32]
            if complete and ((not want_sha) or (got_digest is not None)):
                break
            if not received and not want_sha:
                break
            continue

        if not (flags & _UF_DATA):
            continue

        if complete:
            try:
                _ack(addr)
            except Exception:
                pass
            continue

        # window sanity
        if seq < expected:
            try:
                _ack(addr)
            except Exception:
                pass
            continue
        if seq >= expected + window * 8:
            continue

        # CRC verify if enabled + flagged
        if use_crc and (flags & _UF_CRC):
            if len(payload) < 4:
                crc_bad += 1
                try:
                    _ack(addr)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                continue
            want = struct.unpack("!I", payload[:4])[0]
            data = payload[4:]
            got = zlib.crc32(data) & 0xFFFFFFFF
            if got != want:
                crc_bad += 1
                # drop packet, do not buffer/write; ACK current state
                try:
                    _ack(addr)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                continue
            payload = data  # strip CRC, keep data only

        # store/write in order
        if seq == expected:
            fileobj.write(payload)
            bytes_written += len(payload)
            if _h is not None:
                _h.update(_to_bytes(payload))
            expected += 1
            while expected in received:
                bufp = received.pop(expected)
                fileobj.write(bufp)
                bytes_written += len(bufp)
                if _h is not None:
                    _h.update(_to_bytes(bufp))
                expected += 1
        else:
            if seq not in received:
                received[seq] = payload

        try:
            _ack(addr)
        except Exception:
            pass

        if (framing == "len") and (total_len is not None) and (bytes_written >= total_len):
            complete = True
            if not want_sha:
                break
            if got_digest is not None:
                break

        if done and not received:
            break

    if want_sha:
        if got_digest is None:
            try:
                sock.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            return False
        if _h is None or _h.digest() != got_digest:
            try:
                sock.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            return False

    try:
        sock.close()
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        fileobj.seek(0, 0)
    except Exception:
        pass

    # (optional) expose receiver CRC stats
    so = kwargs.get("stats_obj")
    if isinstance(so, dict):
        so["crc_bad"] = crc_bad

    return True

def _make_tag(psk, header_and_body):
    mac = hmac.new(_to_bytes(psk), header_and_body, hashlib.sha256).digest()
    return mac[:_TAG_SZ]

def _pack_pkt(pt, cid, pn, body, psk=None, flags=0):
    body = _to_bytes(body)
    if len(body) > 65535:
        body = body[:65535]
    hdr = struct.pack(_HDR_FMT, _MAGIC, int(pt) & 0xFF, int(flags) & 0xFF,
                      int(cid) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, int(pn) & 0xFFFFFFFF, len(body))
    wire = hdr + body
    if psk:
        wire += _make_tag(psk, wire)
    return wire

def _unpack_pkt(wire, psk=None):
    wire = _to_bytes(wire)
    if len(wire) < _HDR_SZ:
        return None
    magic, pt, flags, cid, pn, blen = struct.unpack(_HDR_FMT, wire[:_HDR_SZ])
    if magic != _MAGIC:
        return None
    need = _HDR_SZ + int(blen)
    if len(wire) < need:
        return None
    body = wire[_HDR_SZ:need]
    if psk:
        if len(wire) < need + _TAG_SZ:
            return None
        tag = wire[need:need + _TAG_SZ]
        calc = _make_tag(psk, wire[:need])
        if tag != calc:
            return None
    return (pt, flags, cid, pn, body)

def _pack_frame(ft, payload):
    payload = _to_bytes(payload)
    if len(payload) > 65535:
        payload = payload[:65535]
    return struct.pack("!BH", int(ft) & 0xFF, len(payload)) + payload

def _iter_frames(body):
    body = _to_bytes(body)
    i = 0
    n = len(body)
    while i + 3 <= n:
        ft, flen = struct.unpack("!BH", body[i:i+3])
        i += 3
        if i + flen > n:
            return
        yield (ft, body[i:i+flen])
        i += flen

# ---- Stateless retry cookie ----
def _retry_token(retry_secret, addr, cid):
    # HMAC(secret, "ip:port" + cid) trunc16
    # NOTE: This is *authentication* of client address only; not encryption.
    secret = _to_bytes(retry_secret)
    ip = addr[0]
    port = int(addr[1])
    msg = _to_bytes("%s:%d|" % (ip, port)) + struct.pack("!Q", int(cid) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
    mac = hmac.new(secret, msg, hashlib.sha256).digest()
    return mac[:16]

def _token_valid(retry_secret, addr, cid, token):
    if not retry_secret:
        return True
    token = _to_bytes(token)
    return token == _retry_token(retry_secret, addr, cid)

# ---- Congestion control helpers (sender-side) ----
def _cc_init(cc, init_cwnd, max_cwnd):
    cc = (cc or "reno").lower()
    if cc == "fixed":
        cwnd = max_cwnd
        cwnd_f = float(cwnd)
    else:
        cwnd = max(1, min(max_cwnd, int(init_cwnd)))
        cwnd_f = float(cwnd)
    return cc, cwnd, cwnd_f

def _cc_on_ack(cc, cwnd, cwnd_f, acked, max_cwnd):
    if acked <= 0:
        return cwnd, cwnd_f
    if cc == "fixed":
        return max_cwnd, float(max_cwnd)
    if cc == "cubic":
        # Not real CUBIC; just a more aggressive growth curve.
        # Grow by ~acked * 0.4 + (acked/cwnd) to keep it bounded.
        cwnd_f += 0.4 * float(acked) + (float(acked) / max(1.0, float(cwnd)))
        new_cwnd = int(cwnd_f)
        if new_cwnd > cwnd:
            cwnd = min(max_cwnd, new_cwnd)
            cwnd_f = float(cwnd)
        return cwnd, cwnd_f

    # reno-ish additive increase: cwnd += acked/cwnd
    cwnd_f += float(acked) / max(1.0, float(cwnd))
    new_cwnd = int(cwnd_f)
    if new_cwnd > cwnd:
        cwnd = min(max_cwnd, new_cwnd)
        cwnd_f = float(cwnd)
    return cwnd, cwnd_f

def _cc_on_loss(cc, cwnd, cwnd_f, max_cwnd):
    if cc == "fixed":
        return max_cwnd, float(max_cwnd)
    if cc == "cubic":
        # more gentle reduction than reno
        cwnd = max(1, int(float(cwnd) * 0.7))
        return cwnd, float(cwnd)
    # reno
    cwnd = max(1, cwnd // 2)
    return cwnd, float(cwnd)

# =============================================================================
# Sender
# =============================================================================

def _udp_quic_send(fileobj, host, port, resume=False, path_text=None, **kwargs):
    addr = (host, int(port))
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

    base_timeout = float(kwargs.get("timeout", 1.0))
    min_to = float(kwargs.get("min_timeout", 0.05))
    max_to = float(kwargs.get("max_timeout", 3.0))
    timeout = max(min_to, min(max_to, base_timeout))
    try:
        sock.settimeout(timeout)
    except Exception:
        pass

    chunk = int(kwargs.get("chunk", 1200))
    max_window = int(kwargs.get("window", 32))
    init_window = int(kwargs.get("init_window", max(1, min(4, max_window))))
    retries = int(kwargs.get("retries", 20))
    total_timeout = float(kwargs.get("total_timeout", 0.0))
    fast_retx = bool(kwargs.get("fast_retx", True))

    cc = kwargs.get("cc", "reno")

    want_sha = bool(kwargs.get("sha256") or kwargs.get("sha") or kwargs.get("want_sha"))
    _h = hashlib.sha256() if want_sha else None

    psk = kwargs.get("psk", None)
    if psk:
        psk = _to_bytes(psk)

    cid = int(kwargs.get("cid", 0) or 0)
    if cid == 0:
        cid = _rand_u64()

    stream_id = int(kwargs.get("stream_id", 0) or 0) & 0xFFFF

    enable_0rtt = bool(kwargs.get("enable_0rtt", True))
    token = kwargs.get("token", None)
    if token is not None:
        token = _to_bytes(token)

    # stats
    stats = {
        "cid": cid,
        "bytes_sent_payload": 0,
        "pkts_sent": 0,
        "pkts_retx": 0,
        "pkts_acked": 0,
        "pkts_sacked": 0,
        "loss_events": 0,
        "duration_s": 0.0,
        "throughput_Bps": 0.0,
        "srtt": None,
        "rttvar": None,
        "timeout": timeout,
        "cwnd_start": init_window,
        "cwnd_end": init_window,
        "cc": cc,
        "retry_used": False,
        "server_token": None,
        "start_offset": 0,
    }

    # total length if possible
    total_len = 0
    try:
        cur = fileobj.tell()
        fileobj.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
        total_len = int(fileobj.tell())
        fileobj.seek(cur, os.SEEK_SET)
    except Exception:
        total_len = 0

    # RTT estimator
    rtt = {"srtt": None, "rttvar": None, "timeout": timeout}
    def _update_rtt(sample):
        if sample <= 0:
            return
        if rtt["srtt"] is None:
            rtt["srtt"] = sample
            rtt["rttvar"] = sample / 2.0
        else:
            alpha = 1.0 / 8.0
            beta = 1.0 / 4.0
            rtt["rttvar"] = (1 - beta) * rtt["rttvar"] + beta * abs(rtt["srtt"] - sample)
            rtt["srtt"] = (1 - alpha) * rtt["srtt"] + alpha * sample
        to = rtt["srtt"] + 4.0 * rtt["rttvar"]
        to = max(min_to, min(max_to, to))
        rtt["timeout"] = to
        try:
            sock.settimeout(to)
        except Exception:
            pass

    # congestion control init
    cc, cwnd, cwnd_f = _cc_init(cc, init_window, max_window)

    # pn space
    pn = 1

    # ---- Handshake (with retry support) ----
    start_offset = 0
    meta_flags = 0
    if resume:
        meta_flags |= _MF_RESUME_REQ
    if token is not None:
        meta_flags |= _MF_HAS_TOKEN

    meta_payload = struct.pack("!QB", int(total_len) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, int(meta_flags) & 0xFF)
    if path_text:
        meta_payload += _to_bytes(path_text)[:512]
    if token is not None:
        # append token_len + token
        meta_payload += struct.pack("!H", len(token) & 0xFFFF) + token

    body = _pack_frame(_FT_META, meta_payload)
    sock.sendto(_pack_pkt(_PT_INITIAL, cid, pn, body, psk=psk), addr)
    stats["pkts_sent"] += 1
    pn = (pn + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF

    # helper to send STREAM
    def _send_stream(pkt_pn, off, data, pt=_PT_1RTT):
        off32 = int(off) & 0xFFFFFFFF
        if len(data) > 65535:
            data = data[:65535]
        fp = struct.pack("!HIH", int(stream_id) & 0xFFFF, off32, len(data)) + data
        b = _pack_frame(_FT_STREAM, fp)
        sock.sendto(_pack_pkt(pt, cid, pkt_pn, b, psk=psk), addr)
        stats["pkts_sent"] += 1

    # If doing 0-RTT resume, we may start sending _PT_0RTT immediately,
    # but server can ignore until token validated.
    # We'll still listen for RETRY/RESUME and adapt.
    t_hand = time.time()
    server_allows_0rtt = bool(resume and enable_0rtt)
    pending_retry = False

    # Wait for RETRY/RESUME briefly (but don't block forever)
    # If RETRY arrives, resend INITIAL with token.
    while True:
        if total_timeout and (time.time() - t_hand) > total_timeout:
            break
        try:
            pkt, _ = sock.recvfrom(4096)
        except socket.timeout:
            break
        except Exception:
            break
        up = _unpack_pkt(pkt, psk=psk)
        if not up:
            continue
        rpt, _fl, rcid, _rpn, rbody = up
        if rcid != cid:
            continue

        if rpt == _PT_RETRY:
            # parse token
            for ft, fp in _iter_frames(rbody):
                if ft == _FT_RETRY and len(fp) >= 2:
                    (tlen,) = struct.unpack("!H", fp[:2])
                    tok = fp[2:2 + int(tlen)]
                    if tok:
                        stats["retry_used"] = True
                        stats["server_token"] = tok
                        token = tok
                        pending_retry = True
            break

        # RESUME is delivered in HANDSHAKE/1RTT; accept it anywhere
        for ft, fp in _iter_frames(rbody):
            if ft == _FT_RESUME and len(fp) >= 8:
                (start_offset,) = struct.unpack("!Q", fp[:8])
                try:
                    fileobj.seek(int(start_offset), os.SEEK_SET)
                except Exception:
                    start_offset = 0
                break
        if start_offset:
            break

    # If server requested RETRY, resend INITIAL with token and wait for RESUME again.
    if pending_retry and token is not None:
        pn_retry = pn
        pn = (pn + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF

        meta_flags = 0
        if resume:
            meta_flags |= _MF_RESUME_REQ
        meta_flags |= _MF_HAS_TOKEN
        meta_payload = struct.pack("!QB", int(total_len) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, int(meta_flags) & 0xFF)
        if path_text:
            meta_payload += _to_bytes(path_text)[:512]
        meta_payload += struct.pack("!H", len(token) & 0xFFFF) + token

        body = _pack_frame(_FT_META, meta_payload)
        sock.sendto(_pack_pkt(_PT_INITIAL, cid, pn_retry, body, psk=psk), addr)
        stats["pkts_sent"] += 1

        # wait a bit for RESUME (optional)
        t2 = time.time()
        while True:
            if total_timeout and (time.time() - t2) > total_timeout:
                break
            try:
                pkt, _ = sock.recvfrom(4096)
            except socket.timeout:
                break
            except Exception:
                break
            up = _unpack_pkt(pkt, psk=psk)
            if not up:
                continue
            _pt, _fl, rcid, _rpn, rbody = up
            if rcid != cid:
                continue
            for ft, fp in _iter_frames(rbody):
                if ft == _FT_RESUME and len(fp) >= 8:
                    (start_offset,) = struct.unpack("!Q", fp[:8])
                    try:
                        fileobj.seek(int(start_offset), os.SEEK_SET)
                    except Exception:
                        start_offset = 0
                    break
            if start_offset:
                break

    stats["start_offset"] = int(start_offset)

    # ---- Sender loop (offset-based) ----
    in_flight = {}  # pn -> (sent_ts, tries, offset, data, pt_used)

    next_off = int(start_offset)
    eof = False
    failed = False
    t_start = time.time()

    def _read_chunk():
        data = fileobj.read(chunk)
        if not data:
            return None
        data = _to_bytes(data)
        if _h is not None:
            _h.update(data)
        return data

    # ACK state
    # receiver sends: largest pn observed, ack_upto cumulative, sack_mask for next 64
    largest_acked = 0

    # prime window
    while not eof and len(in_flight) < cwnd:
        data = _read_chunk()
        if data is None:
            eof = True
            break
        pt_use = _PT_0RTT if server_allows_0rtt else _PT_1RTT
        _send_stream(pn, next_off, data, pt=pt_use)
        in_flight[pn] = (time.time(), 0, next_off, data, pt_use)
        stats["bytes_sent_payload"] += len(data)
        next_off += len(data)
        pn = (pn + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF

    while in_flight or not eof:
        if total_timeout and (time.time() - t_start) > total_timeout:
            failed = True
            break

        # receive ACKs / possible late RETRY (rare but handle)
        try:
            pkt, _ = sock.recvfrom(4096)
            up = _unpack_pkt(pkt, psk=psk)
            if up:
                rpt, _fl, rcid, _rpn, rbody = up
                if rcid == cid:
                    if rpt == _PT_RETRY:
                        # server rejected token / address validation; stop 0-RTT and wait
                        server_allows_0rtt = False

                    for ft, fp in _iter_frames(rbody):
                        if ft != _FT_ACK:
                            continue
                        if len(fp) < 16:
                            continue
                        largest, ack_upto, sack_mask = struct.unpack("!IIQ", fp[:16])
                        largest_acked = max(largest_acked, int(largest))
                        now = time.time()
                        newly_acked = 0

                        # cumulative ack
                        for p in [p for p in list(in_flight.keys()) if p <= int(ack_upto)]:
                            ts, _tries, _off, _data, _pt_use = in_flight.pop(p)
                            _update_rtt(now - ts)
                            stats["pkts_acked"] += 1
                            newly_acked += 1

                        # sack beyond ack_upto
                        base = (int(ack_upto) + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF
                        if sack_mask:
                            for i in range(64):
                                if (sack_mask >> i) & 1:
                                    p = (base + i) & 0xFFFFFFFF
                                    if p in in_flight:
                                        ts, _tries, _off, _data, _pt_use = in_flight.pop(p)
                                        _update_rtt(now - ts)
                                        stats["pkts_sacked"] += 1
                                        newly_acked += 1

                            # fast retransmit of base (if still outstanding)
                            if fast_retx and (base in in_flight):
                                ts, tries, off, data, pt_use = in_flight[base]
                                if tries < retries:
                                    _send_stream(base, off, data, pt=pt_use if pt_use != _PT_0RTT else _PT_1RTT)
                                    in_flight[base] = (time.time(), tries + 1, off, data, _PT_1RTT)
                                    stats["pkts_retx"] += 1
                                    stats["loss_events"] += 1
                                    cwnd, cwnd_f = _cc_on_loss(cc, cwnd, cwnd_f, max_window)

                        cwnd, cwnd_f = _cc_on_ack(cc, cwnd, cwnd_f, newly_acked, max_window)

        except socket.timeout:
            pass
        except Exception:
            pass

        # RTO retransmit
        now = time.time()
        to = float(rtt["timeout"]) if rtt["timeout"] else timeout
        for p in list(in_flight.keys()):
            ts, tries, off, data, pt_use = in_flight[p]
            if (now - ts) >= to:
                if tries >= retries:
                    failed = True
                    in_flight.clear()
                    break
                # retransmit as 1-RTT (safer)
                _send_stream(p, off, data, pt=_PT_1RTT)
                in_flight[p] = (now, tries + 1, off, data, _PT_1RTT)
                stats["pkts_retx"] += 1
                stats["loss_events"] += 1
                cwnd, cwnd_f = _cc_on_loss(cc, cwnd, cwnd_f, max_window)

        if failed:
            break

        # fill window
        while not eof and len(in_flight) < cwnd:
            data = _read_chunk()
            if data is None:
                eof = True
                break
            pt_use = _PT_0RTT if server_allows_0rtt else _PT_1RTT
            _send_stream(pn, next_off, data, pt=pt_use)
            in_flight[pn] = (time.time(), 0, next_off, data, pt_use)
            stats["bytes_sent_payload"] += len(data)
            next_off += len(data)
            pn = (pn + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF

    dur = max(1e-9, time.time() - t_start)
    stats["duration_s"] = dur
    stats["throughput_Bps"] = float(stats["bytes_sent_payload"]) / dur
    stats["srtt"] = rtt["srtt"]
    stats["rttvar"] = rtt["rttvar"]
    stats["timeout"] = rtt["timeout"]
    stats["cwnd_end"] = cwnd

    if failed:
        try:
            sock.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        so = kwargs.get("stats_obj")
        if isinstance(so, dict):
            so.update(stats)
        if kwargs.get("return_stats"):
            return (False, stats)
        return False

    # DONE
    done_payload = b"DONE"
    if _h is not None:
        done_payload += _h.digest()
    body = _pack_frame(_FT_DONE, done_payload)
    for _i in range(3):
        try:
            sock.sendto(_pack_pkt(_PT_1RTT, cid, pn, body, psk=psk), addr)
            stats["pkts_sent"] += 1
        except Exception:
            pass
        time.sleep(0.02)

    try:
        sock.close()
    except Exception:
        pass

    so = kwargs.get("stats_obj")
    if isinstance(so, dict):
        so.update(stats)
    if kwargs.get("return_stats"):
        return (True, stats)
    return True

# =============================================================================
# Receiver
# =============================================================================

def _udp_quic_recv(fileobj, host, port, **kwargs):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    sock.bind((host or "", int(port)))

    if kwargs.get("print_url"):
        sys.stdout.write("Listening: udp://%s:%d/\n" % (host or "0.0.0.0", sock.getsockname()[1]))
        try:
            sys.stdout.flush()
        except Exception:
            pass

    timeout = float(kwargs.get("timeout", 1.0))
    try:
        sock.settimeout(timeout)
    except Exception:
        pass

    chunk = int(kwargs.get("chunk", 1200))
    window = int(kwargs.get("window", 32))
    total_timeout = float(kwargs.get("total_timeout", 0.0))

    framing = (kwargs.get("framing") or "").lower()
    want_sha = bool(kwargs.get("sha256") or kwargs.get("sha") or kwargs.get("want_sha"))
    _h = hashlib.sha256() if want_sha else None

    psk = kwargs.get("psk", None)
    if psk:
        psk = _to_bytes(psk)

    # multi-stream outputs
    stream_map = kwargs.get("stream_map", None)  # {stream_id:int -> fileobj}
    # default stream 0 -> provided fileobj
    if not isinstance(stream_map, dict):
        stream_map = {}
    if 0 not in stream_map:
        stream_map[0] = fileobj

    # retry
    stateless_retry = bool(kwargs.get("stateless_retry", False))
    retry_secret = kwargs.get("retry_secret", None)
    if retry_secret is not None:
        retry_secret = _to_bytes(retry_secret)

    total_len = None
    bytes_written = {}  # per stream_id -> bytes
    got_digest = None

    resume_off = 0
    try:
        resume_off = int(kwargs.get("resume_offset", 0) or 0)
    except Exception:
        resume_off = 0

    active_cid = None

    # per-stream reorder buffers: stream_id -> {offset->data}
    received = {}
    expected_off = {}  # stream_id -> expected offset
    # initialize stream 0 expected offset with resume_offset
    expected_off[0] = int(max(0, resume_off))

    # pn ACK state (much cleaner than v1):
    # ack_upto is the largest contiguous pn we've seen starting from 0.
    ack_upto = 0
    seen_pn = set([0])  # treat pn=0 as already "seen" to allow ack_upto to advance from 0
    largest_pn = 0

    done = False
    complete = False
    t0 = time.time()

    # whether 0-RTT is allowed for this connection (validated token or retry disabled)
    allow_0rtt = not stateless_retry  # if no retry, allow

    def _send_ack(addr, cid):
        # Build sack mask for pn in (ack_upto+1 .. ack_upto+64)
        base = (int(ack_upto) + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF
        mask = 0
        for p in seen_pn:
            d = int(p) - int(base)
            if 0 <= d < 64:
                mask |= (1 << d)
        payload = struct.pack("!IIQ",
                              int(largest_pn) & 0xFFFFFFFF,
                              int(ack_upto) & 0xFFFFFFFF,
                              int(mask) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
        body = _pack_frame(_FT_ACK, payload)
        try:
            sock.sendto(_pack_pkt(_PT_1RTT, cid, 0, body, psk=psk), addr)
        except Exception:
            pass

    def _send_retry(addr, cid, token):
        token = _to_bytes(token)
        fp = struct.pack("!H", len(token) & 0xFFFF) + token
        body = _pack_frame(_FT_RETRY, fp)
        try:
            sock.sendto(_pack_pkt(_PT_RETRY, cid, 1, body, psk=psk), addr)
        except Exception:
            pass

    def _send_resume(addr, cid, stream_id, off):
        body = _pack_frame(_FT_RESUME, struct.pack("!Q", int(off) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
        try:
            sock.sendto(_pack_pkt(_PT_HANDSHAKE, cid, 2, body, psk=psk), addr)
        except Exception:
            pass

    while True:
        if total_timeout and (time.time() - t0) > total_timeout:
            break
        try:
            pkt, addr = sock.recvfrom(65536)
        except socket.timeout:
            # if receiver thinks complete, keep waiting for DONE/digest briefly
            if complete and want_sha:
                continue
            if done:
                break
            continue
        except Exception:
            break

        up = _unpack_pkt(pkt, psk=psk)
        if not up:
            continue
        pt, _flags, cid, pn, body = up

        if active_cid is None:
            active_cid = cid
        if cid != active_cid:
            continue

        # pn tracking
        pn_i = int(pn) & 0xFFFFFFFF
        largest_pn = max(largest_pn, pn_i)
        seen_pn.add(pn_i)
        # advance cumulative ack_upto
        while ((ack_upto + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF) in seen_pn:
            ack_upto = (ack_upto + 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF

        # INITIAL handling (META + retry token + resume)
        if pt == _PT_INITIAL:
            for ft, fp in _iter_frames(body):
                if ft != _FT_META or len(fp) < 9:
                    continue
                (tlen, mflags) = struct.unpack("!QB", fp[:9])
                if tlen:
                    try:
                        total_len = int(tlen)
                    except Exception:
                        total_len = None

                # parse optional token
                token = None
                if int(mflags) & _MF_HAS_TOKEN:
                    # token_len + token, after optional text; we can't perfectly split text,
                    # so we search from the end: last 2 bytes before token could be len.
                    # BUT we encoded as: [text<=512][u16 len][token]. We'll decode that:
                    if len(fp) >= 9 + 2:
                        # token_len is at the end minus token bytes; so read len from (end - token_len - 2)
                        # can't know token_len; easiest: read u16 at last 2+N? not possible.
                        # So we adopt a simple rule: token_len is stored in the last 2 bytes BEFORE token,
                        # and token is at the end. We'll interpret the final u16 as token_len if plausible.
                        # Format we wrote: ... + u16 + token. So u16 is at position - (2+token_len).
                        # We guess token_len by reading last 2 bytes as len if token_len==0, else fail.
                        # To avoid ambiguity, we also accept "len then token at end" by scanning.
                        # We'll scan for a plausible token_len in the last 64 bytes.
                        buf = fp[9:]
                        found = None
                        scan_max = min(len(buf), 64)
                        # Try each possible split where u16 sits at i and token at i+2 to end.
                        for i in range(max(0, len(buf) - scan_max), len(buf) - 1):
                            if i + 2 > len(buf):
                                continue
                            (tl,) = struct.unpack("!H", buf[i:i+2])
                            if tl == (len(buf) - (i + 2)) and tl > 0:
                                found = buf[i+2:]
                                break
                        if found is not None:
                            token = found

                # stateless retry decision
                if stateless_retry and retry_secret:
                    if (token is None) or (not _token_valid(retry_secret, addr, cid, token)):
                        # send retry token and do not allow 0-RTT until valid token arrives
                        tok = _retry_token(retry_secret, addr, cid)
                        allow_0rtt = False
                        _send_retry(addr, cid, tok)
                        # still ACK so sender sees liveness
                        _send_ack(addr, cid)
                        continue
                    else:
                        allow_0rtt = True

                # resume response (stream 0 only for now)
                if int(mflags) & _MF_RESUME_REQ:
                    # tell client where to resume for stream 0
                    off0 = int(expected_off.get(0, 0))
                    _send_resume(addr, cid, 0, off0)

            _send_ack(addr, cid)
            continue

        # If 0-RTT not allowed, ignore 0-RTT packets (but ACK pns so sender can progress)
        if pt == _PT_0RTT and not allow_0rtt:
            _send_ack(addr, cid)
            continue

        # process frames
        for ft, fp in _iter_frames(body):
            if ft == _FT_DONE:
                done = True
                if fp.startswith(b"DONE") and len(fp) >= 4 + 32:
                    got_digest = fp[4:4+32]
                continue

            if ft != _FT_STREAM:
                continue
            if len(fp) < 2 + 4 + 2:
                continue

            sid, off32, dlen = struct.unpack("!HIH", fp[:8])
            sid = int(sid) & 0xFFFF
            data = fp[8:8+int(dlen)]

            # only write streams we have an output for
            out = stream_map.get(sid, None)
            if out is None:
                continue

            if sid not in received:
                received[sid] = {}
            if sid not in expected_off:
                expected_off[sid] = 0
            if sid not in bytes_written:
                bytes_written[sid] = 0

            # offset u32 is ambiguous for >4GiB; we accept within a "near window" of expected.
            exp = int(expected_off[sid])
            off = int(off32)
            if off + len(data) < exp:
                continue
            if off > exp + window * chunk * 8:
                continue

            if off == exp:
                out.write(data)
                bytes_written[sid] += len(data)
                if _h is not None and sid == 0:
                    # digest applies to stream 0 (common case); customize if you want per-stream digests
                    _h.update(_to_bytes(data))
                expected_off[sid] = exp + len(data)

                # flush contiguous buffered
                while int(expected_off[sid]) in received[sid]:
                    buf = received[sid].pop(int(expected_off[sid]))
                    out.write(buf)
                    bytes_written[sid] += len(buf)
                    if _h is not None and sid == 0:
                        _h.update(_to_bytes(buf))
                    expected_off[sid] = int(expected_off[sid]) + len(buf)
            else:
                if off not in received[sid]:
                    received[sid][off] = data

        _send_ack(addr, cid)

        # completion checks (stream 0 framing)
        bw0 = int(bytes_written.get(0, 0))
        if (framing == "len") and (total_len is not None) and (bw0 >= int(total_len)):
            complete = True
            if not want_sha:
                break
            if got_digest is not None:
                break

        if done:
            # if done and stream0 has no gaps, end (or wait for digest)
            if want_sha and got_digest is None:
                continue
            break

    if want_sha:
        if got_digest is None:
            try:
                sock.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            return False
        if _h is None or _h.digest() != got_digest:
            try:
                sock.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            return False

    try:
        sock.close()
    except Exception:
        pass

    # rewind stream 0 output
    try:
        stream_map.get(0, fileobj).seek(0, 0)
    except Exception:
        pass

    return True

# --------------------------
# Public "internet" API
# --------------------------

def send_path(path, url, fmt="tar", compression=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Convenience helper: package a directory (or single file) and send it using upload_file_to_internet_file.

    - path: file or directory path.
    - url: destination URL (tcp://, udp://, ftp://, etc.)
    - fmt: "tar" or "zip"
    - compression: for tar: "gz" or None; for zip: ignored (zip uses deflate by default)
    Extra kwargs are forwarded to upload_file_to_internet_file via query params or directly.
    Returns whatever upload_file_to_internet_file returns.
    """
    try:
        import tempfile, tarfile, zipfile
    except Exception:
        return False

    p = os.path.abspath(path)

    # Use spooled temp file so small archives stay in memory, large spill to disk.
    tmp = None
    try:
        tmp = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile(max_size=8 * 1024 * 1024, mode="w+b")
        if fmt.lower() == "zip":
            zf = zipfile.ZipFile(tmp, mode="w", compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
            try:
                if os.path.isdir(p):
                    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(p):
                        for fn in files:
                            full = os.path.join(root, fn)
                            rel = os.path.relpath(full, os.path.dirname(p))
                            zf.write(full, rel)
                else:
                    zf.write(p, os.path.basename(p))
            finally:
                zf.close()
        else:
            mode = "w"
            if compression in ("gz", "gzip"):
                mode = "w:gz"
            tf = tarfile.open(fileobj=tmp, mode=mode)
            try:
                arcname = os.path.basename(p.rstrip(os.sep))
                if os.path.isdir(p):
                    tf.add(p, arcname=arcname)
                else:
                    tf.add(p, arcname=os.path.basename(p))
            finally:
                tf.close()

        tmp.seek(0, 0)
        return upload_file_to_internet_file(tmp, url, **kwargs)
    finally:
        try:
            if tmp is not None:
                tmp.close()
        except Exception:
            pass

def recv_to_path(url, out_path, auto_extract=False, extract_dir=None, keep_archive=True, **kwargs):
    """
    Convenience helper: download into a real file path.
    Returns out_path on success, False on failure.
    """
    # listen-mode HTTP/HTTPS can stream straight to disk (avoid BytesIO)
    try:
        up = urlparse(url)
        if (up.scheme or "").lower() in ("http", "https"):
            qs = parse_qs(up.query or "")
            if _qflag(qs, "listen", False) or _qflag(qs, "recv", False):
                url2 = url
                if "out" not in qs:
                    url2 = _set_query_param(url2, "out", out_path)
                if "mkdir" not in qs:
                    url2 = _set_query_param(url2, "mkdir", "1")
                if "overwrite" not in qs:
                    url2 = _set_query_param(url2, "overwrite", "1")
                ok = download_file_from_internet_file(url2, **kwargs)
                return out_path if ok is not False else False
    except Exception:
        pass

    f = download_file_from_internet_file(url, **kwargs)
    if f is False:
        return False
    try:
        parent = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(out_path))
        if parent and not os.path.isdir(parent):
            try:
                os.makedirs(parent)
            except Exception:
                pass
        outfp = open(out_path, "wb")
        try:
            shutil.copyfileobj(f, outfp)
        finally:
            try:
                outfp.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
    except Exception:
        return False

    if auto_extract:
        try:
            import tarfile, zipfile
            ext = out_path.lower()
            if extract_dir is None:
                extract_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(out_path)) or "."
            if ext.endswith(".zip"):
                zf = zipfile.ZipFile(out_path, "r")
                try:
                    zf.extractall(extract_dir)
                finally:
                    zf.close()
            elif ext.endswith(".tar") or ext.endswith(".tar.gz") or ext.endswith(".tgz") or ext.endswith(".tar.bz2") or ext.endswith(".tbz2") or ext.endswith(".tar.xz") or ext.endswith(".txz"):
                tf = tarfile.open(out_path, "r:*")
                try:
                    tf.extractall(extract_dir)
                finally:
                    tf.close()
            if not keep_archive:
                try:
                    os.unlink(out_path)
                except Exception:
                    pass
        except Exception:
            pass
    return out_path

def download_file_from_internet_file(url, **kwargs):
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme in ("http", "https"):
        return download_file_from_http_file(url, **kwargs)
    if p.scheme in ("ftp", "ftps"):
        return download_file_from_ftp_file(url, **kwargs)
    if p.scheme in ("tftp", ):
        return download_file_from_tftp_file(url, **kwargs)
    if p.scheme in ("sftp", "scp"):
        if __use_pysftp__ and havepysftp:
            return download_file_from_pysftp_file(url, **kwargs)
        return download_file_from_sftp_file(url, **kwargs)

    if p.scheme in ("data", ):
        return data_url_decode(url)[0]

    if p.scheme in ("file" or ""):
        return io.open(unquote(p.path), "rb")

    if p.scheme in ("tcp", "udp"):
        parts, o = _parse_net_url(url)
        host = o.get("bind") or parts.hostname or ""
        port = parts.port or 0
        path_text = parts.path or "/"

        # Destination selection for resume/save
        outfile = None
        dest_path = None
        resume_off = 0

        if o.get("resume"):
            dest_path = o.get("resume_to")
            if not dest_path and o.get("save"):
                dest_path = _choose_output_path(_guess_filename(url), o.get("overwrite", False), o.get("save_dir"))
            if dest_path:
                try:
                    if os.path.exists(dest_path):
                        outfile = open(dest_path, "r+b")
                        outfile.seek(0, 2)
                        resume_off = int(outfile.tell())
                    else:
                        _ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(dest_path) or ".")
                        outfile = open(dest_path, "w+b")
                        resume_off = 0
                except Exception:
                    outfile = None
                    dest_path = None
                    resume_off = 0

        if outfile is None:
            outfile = MkTempFile()

        ok = recv_to_fileobj(
            outfile, host=host, port=port, proto=p.scheme,
            mode=o.get("mode"), timeout=o.get("timeout"), total_timeout=o.get("total_timeout"),
            window=o.get("window"), retries=o.get("retries"), chunk=o.get("chunk"),
            print_url=o.get("print_url"), resume_offset=resume_off, path_text=path_text
        )
        if not ok:
            return False

        # If writing directly to disk (resume_to/save), return that file object
        if dest_path:
            try:
                outfile.seek(0, 0)
            except Exception:
                pass
            return outfile

        # Save-to-disk option for temp file
        if o.get("save"):
            out_path = _choose_output_path(_guess_filename(url), o.get("overwrite", False), o.get("save_dir"))
            try:
                _copy_fileobj_to_path(outfile, out_path, overwrite=o.get("overwrite", False))
                sys.stdout.write("Saved: %s\n" % out_path)
                sys.stdout.flush()
            except Exception:
                return False

        try:
            outfile.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return outfile

    return False

def download_file_from_internet_bytes(url, **kwargs):
    fp = download_file_from_internet_file(url, **kwargs)
    return fp.read() if fp else False


def _serve_file_over_http(fileobj, url):
    """Serve the given file-like object via a tiny HTTP server.

    Usage:
        upload_file_to_internet_file(open("x.bin","rb"),
            "http://0.0.0.0:0/x.bin?print_url=1&max_clients=1&range=1&download=1")

    Flags (query params):
      - bind=IP            : bind address (default from host in URL, or 0.0.0.0)
      - port=0             : auto-pick free port (use :0 in URL)
      - print_url=1        : print reachable URLs
      - max_clients=N      : stop after N successful GETs (default 1)
      - idle_timeout=SEC   : stop if no request within SEC (default 0 = wait forever)
      - range=1            : support Range requests (resume) (default 1)
      - download=1|name    : set Content-Disposition attachment; optional filename
      - content_type=TYPE  : override Content-Type (default guessed)
      - gzip=1             : gzip encode if client accepts (best for text)
      - auth=user:pass     : enable Basic Auth
      - cors=1             : add Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
      - hdr_X=Y            : add custom headers (hdr_Cache_Control=no-cache)
    Returns:
      bound_port (int) on success, False on failure.
    """
    p = urlparse(url)
    qs = parse_qs(p.query or "")

    bind = _qstr(qs, "bind", None) or (p.hostname or "0.0.0.0")
    port = p.port if (p.port is not None) else int(_qnum(qs, "port", 0, cast=int))
    path = p.path or "/"
    print_url = _qflag(qs, "print_url", False)
    max_clients = int(_qnum(qs, "max_clients", 1, cast=int))
    idle_timeout = float(_qnum(qs, "idle_timeout", 0.0, cast=float))
    allow_range = _qflag(qs, "range", True)
    gzip_on = _qflag(qs, "gzip", False)
    cors = _qflag(qs, "cors", False)
    content_type = _qstr(qs, "content_type", None)
    download = _qstr(qs, "download", None)
    auth = _qstr(qs, "auth", None)
    extra_headers = _parse_kv_headers(qs, prefix="hdr_")

    # Try to serve from an on-disk filename if available (better for big files)
    file_path = getattr(fileobj, "name", None)
    can_reopen = False
    if file_path and isinstance(file_path, (str,)):
        try:
            can_reopen = os.path.isfile(file_path)
        except Exception:
            can_reopen = False

    # Otherwise snapshot into memory once (still file-like, but avoids racing file pointers)
    use_direct = (not can_reopen) and (max_clients == 1)
    data_bytes = None
    if (not can_reopen) and (not use_direct):
        try:
            pos = fileobj.tell()
        except Exception:
            pos = None
        try:
            try:
                fileobj.seek(0, 0)
            except Exception:
                pass
            data_bytes = fileobj.read()
        finally:
            if pos is not None:
                try:
                    fileobj.seek(pos, 0)
                except Exception:
                    pass
        data_bytes = _to_bytes(data_bytes)

    # Determine filename for disposition
    default_name = os.path.basename(path.strip("/")) or "download.bin"
    if download and download not in ("1", "true", "yes"):
        disp_name = download
    else:
        disp_name = default_name

    # Determine type
    if not content_type:
        try:
            content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(default_name)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
        except Exception:
            content_type = "application/octet-stream"

    # Auth header
    auth_user = auth_pass = None
    if auth:
        if ":" in auth:
            auth_user, auth_pass = auth.split(":", 1)
        else:
            auth_user, auth_pass = auth, ""

    # A little mutable state owned by handler closure
    state = {"served": 0, "stop": False}

    def _open_reader():
        if use_direct:
            try:
                fileobj.seek(0, 0)
            except Exception:
                pass
            return fileobj
        if can_reopen:
            return open(file_path, "rb")
        return MkTempFile(data_bytes)

    class _Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
        server_version = "PyWWWGetCleanHTTP/1.0"

        def log_message(self, fmt, *args):
            # quiet by default
            return

        def _unauth(self):
            self.send_response(401)
            self.send_header("WWW-Authenticate", 'Basic realm="pywwwget"')
            self.send_header("Connection", "close")
            self.end_headers()

        def _check_auth(self):
            if not auth_user:
                return True
            h = self.headers.get("Authorization")
            if not h or not h.startswith("Basic "):
                return False
            try:
                raw = base64.b64decode(h.split(" ", 1)[1].strip().encode("utf-8"))
                if not isinstance(raw, bytes):
                    raw = _to_bytes(raw)
                pair = raw.decode("utf-8", "ignore")
            except Exception:
                return False
            if ":" in pair:
                u, pw = pair.split(":", 1)
            else:
                u, pw = pair, ""
            return (u == auth_user and pw == auth_pass)

        def do_HEAD(self):
            # Treat HEAD like GET without body
            self._do_send(body=False)

        def do_GET(self):
            self._do_send(body=True)

        def _do_send(self, body=True):
            # Only serve on exact path (ignore query)
            req_path = self.path.split("?", 1)[0]
            if req_path != path:
                self.send_response(404)
                self.send_header("Connection", "close")
                self.end_headers()
                return

            if not self._check_auth():
                self._unauth()
                return

            # Open data source
            f = _open_reader()
            try:
                # Compute total size
                try:
                    f.seek(0, 2)
                    total = f.tell()
                    f.seek(0, 0)
                except Exception:
                    total = None
                    try:
                        f.seek(0, 0)
                    except Exception:
                        pass

                # Range support
                start = 0
                end = None
                status = 200
                if allow_range and total is not None:
                    rng = self.headers.get("Range")
                    if rng and rng.startswith("bytes="):
                        try:
                            spec = rng.split("=", 1)[1].strip()
                            a, b = spec.split("-", 1)
                            if a:
                                start = int(a)
                            if b:
                                end = int(b)
                            status = 206
                        except Exception:
                            start = 0
                            end = None
                            status = 200

                if total is not None and start < 0:
                    start = 0
                if total is not None and start > total:
                    start = total

                if total is not None:
                    f.seek(start, 0)
                    remain = total - start
                    if end is not None and end >= start:
                        remain = min(remain, (end - start + 1))
                else:
                    remain = None

                # Maybe gzip (only if not ranged and client accepts)
                use_gzip = False
                if gzip_on and status == 200:
                    ae = self.headers.get("Accept-Encoding", "") or ""
                    if "gzip" in ae.lower():
                        # heuristic: only gzip text/* or small-ish unknown
                        if content_type.startswith("text/") or content_type in ("application/json", "application/xml"):
                            use_gzip = True

                self.send_response(status)
                self.send_header("Content-Type", content_type)
                if cors:
                    self.send_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")

                if download:
                    self.send_header("Content-Disposition", 'attachment; filename="%s"' % disp_name)

                # Custom headers
                for hk, hv in extra_headers.items():
                    try:
                        self.send_header(hk, hv)
                    except Exception:
                        pass

                if total is not None:
                    if status == 206:
                        last = start + (remain - 1 if remain is not None else 0)
                        self.send_header("Content-Range", "bytes %d-%d/%d" % (start, last, total))
                    self.send_header("Accept-Ranges", "bytes")

                if use_gzip:
                    self.send_header("Content-Encoding", "gzip")

                # Body
                if not body:
                    self.send_header("Connection", "close")
                    self.end_headers()
                    return

                if use_gzip:
                    # stream gzip
                    self.send_header("Connection", "close")
                    self.end_headers()
                    gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=self.wfile, mode="wb")
                    try:
                        shutil.copyfileobj(f, gz)
                    finally:
                        try:
                            gz.close()
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                else:
                    if remain is not None:
                        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(int(remain)))
                    self.send_header("Connection", "close")
                    self.end_headers()
                    if remain is None:
                        shutil.copyfileobj(f, self.wfile)
                    else:
                        # bounded copy
                        left = int(remain)
                        buf = 64 * 1024
                        while left > 0:
                            chunk = f.read(min(buf, left))
                            if not chunk:
                                break
                            self.wfile.write(chunk)
                            left -= len(chunk)

                # Count successful serves
                state["served"] += 1
                if state["served"] >= max_clients:
                    state["stop"] = True
            finally:
                try:
                    if not use_direct: f.close()
                except Exception:
                    pass

    # Threading server
    class _ThreadingHTTPServer(_socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, HTTPServer):
        daemon_threads = True
        allow_reuse_address = True

    try:
        httpd = _ThreadingHTTPServer((bind, int(port)), _Handler)
    except Exception:
        return False

    bound_port = httpd.server_address[1]
    if print_url:
        for u in _listen_urls(("https" if tls_on else p.scheme), bind, bound_port, path, p.query):
            try:
                sys.stdout.write("Listening: %s\n" % u)
            except Exception:
                pass
        try:
            sys.stdout.flush()
        except Exception:
            pass

    # Serve loop: handle_request() so we can stop after max_clients or idle_timeout
    if idle_timeout and idle_timeout > 0:
        try:
            httpd.timeout = float(idle_timeout)
        except Exception:
            pass

    try:
        sidecar_start = None
        while not state["stop"]:
            httpd.handle_request()

            if idle_timeout and idle_timeout > 0:
                # If handle_request times out, it returns; stop if nothing served yet and idle passed.
                if state["served"] == 0:
                    break

            if expect_sidecar and state.get("upload_done") and (not state.get("sidecar_done")):
                if sidecar_start is None:
                    sidecar_start = time.time()
                if sidecar_timeout is not None and sidecar_timeout >= 0:
                    if (time.time() - sidecar_start) >= float(sidecar_timeout):
                        try:
                            if print_hash:
                                sys.stdout.write("Sidecar timeout (%.3fs); continuing without enforcement.\\n" % float(sidecar_timeout))
                                sys.stdout.flush()
                                # Optional cleanup on timeout
                                if sidecar_timeout_mode == "delete":
                                    try:
                                        sp = state.get("saved_path")
                                        if sp and os.path.exists(sp):
                                            os.unlink(sp)
                                            try:
                                                sys.stdout.write("Deleted (sidecar timeout): %s\n" % sp)
                                                sys.stdout.flush()
                                            except Exception:
                                                pass
                                    except Exception:
                                        pass
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                        break
    finally:
        try:
            httpd.server_close()
        except Exception:
            pass

    return bound_port


def _recv_file_over_http(url):
    """Receive bytes via a tiny HTTP server (PUT/POST) and return a BytesIO.

    Usage:
        download_file_from_internet_file("http://0.0.0.0:8000/upload.bin?listen=1&print_url=1")
        download_file_from_internet_file("http://0.0.0.0:0/x.bin?listen=1&print_url=1&auth=user:pass")

    Flags (query params):
      - bind=IP            : bind address (default from host in URL, or 0.0.0.0)
      - port=0             : auto-pick free port (use :0 in URL)
      - print_url=1        : print reachable URLs
      - max_clients=N      : stop after N successful uploads (default 1)
      - idle_timeout=SEC   : stop if no request within SEC (default 0 = wait forever)
      - method=PUT|POST    : accept only this method (default PUT and POST)
      - auth=user:pass     : enable Basic Auth
      - cors=1             : add Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
      - hdr_X=Y            : add custom headers to response
    Returns: BytesIO on success, False on failure.
    """
    p = urlparse(url)
    qs = parse_qs(p.query or "")

    bind = _qstr(qs, "bind", None) or (p.hostname or "0.0.0.0")
    port = p.port if (p.port is not None) else int(_qnum(qs, "port", 0, cast=int))
    want_path = p.path or "/"
    print_url = _qflag(qs, "print_url", False)
    max_clients = int(_qnum(qs, "max_clients", 1, cast=int))
    idle_timeout = float(_qnum(qs, "idle_timeout", 0.0, cast=float))
    cors = _qflag(qs, "cors", False)
    auth = _qstr(qs, "auth", None)
    out_path = _qstr(qs, "out", None)
    use_tmp = _qflag(qs, "tmp", False)
    overwrite = _qflag(qs, "overwrite", False)
    mkdir = _qflag(qs, "mkdir", False)
    max_size = _qnum(qs, "max_size", None, cast=int)
    print_save = _qflag(qs, "print_save", False)
    hash_algo = (_qstr(qs, "hash", None) or "").lower().strip() or None
    expect_hash = (_qstr(qs, "expect_hash", None) or _qstr(qs, "want_hash", None) or "").strip() or None
    print_hash = _qflag(qs, "print_hash", True)
    expect_sidecar = _qflag(qs, "expect_sidecar", False) or (_qstr(qs, "stream_hash", "") or "").lower().strip() == "sidecar"
    sidecar_suffix = _qstr(qs, "sidecar_suffix", ".hash")
    sidecar_timeout = _qnum(qs, "sidecar_timeout", None, cast=float)
    sidecar_timeout_mode = (_qstr(qs, "sidecar_timeout_mode", "keep") or "keep").lower().strip()
    if sidecar_timeout_mode not in ("keep", "delete"):
        sidecar_timeout_mode = "keep"
    if sidecar_timeout is None and expect_sidecar and idle_timeout and float(idle_timeout) > 0:
        sidecar_timeout = float(idle_timeout)
    extra_headers = _parse_kv_headers(qs, prefix="hdr_")
    method_only = (_qstr(qs, "method", "") or "").upper().strip()

    state = {
        "served": 0,
        "stop": False,
        "out": None,
        "upload_digest": None,
        "sidecar_digest": None,
        "saved_path": None,
        "upload_done": False,
        "sidecar_done": False,
    }

    userpass = None
    if auth:
        if ":" in auth:
            userpass = auth.split(":", 1)
        else:
            userpass = [auth, ""]

    class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
        server_version = "PyWWWGetHTTPRecv/1.0"
        def _unauth(self):
            self.send_response(401)
            self.send_header("WWW-Authenticate", 'Basic realm="PyWWWGet"')
            self.end_headers()

        def _check_auth(self):
            if not userpass:
                return True
            ah = self.headers.get("Authorization")
            if not ah or not ah.lower().startswith("basic "):
                return False
            try:
                import base64
                raw = base64.b64decode(ah.split(None, 1)[1].strip().encode("ascii"))
                u, pw = raw.decode("utf-8", "ignore").split(":", 1)
                return (u == userpass[0] and pw == userpass[1])
            except Exception:
                return False

        def log_message(self, *args):
            # quiet
            return

        def _common_headers(self):
            if cors:
                self.send_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
            for k, v in extra_headers.items():
                self.send_header(k, v)

        def do_OPTIONS(self):
            self.send_response(204)
            self.send_header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "PUT, POST, OPTIONS")
            self.send_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Authorization, Content-Type, Content-Length")
            self._common_headers()
            self.end_headers()
def _handle_sidecar(self):
    # Accept hash sidecar at /path + suffix
    want_sidecar = (want_path or "/") + (sidecar_suffix or ".hash")
    if self.path.split("?", 1)[0] != want_sidecar:
        self.send_response(404)
        self._common_headers()
        self.end_headers()
        return
    if not self._check_auth():
        self._unauth()
        return

    length = self.headers.get("Content-Length")
    data = b""
    try:
        if length is not None:
            data = self.rfile.read(int(length))
        else:
            data = self.rfile.read(65536)
    except Exception:
        data = b""

    try:
        txt = data.decode("utf-8", "ignore").strip()
    except Exception:
        txt = ""
    # Accept "<hex>" or "<algo> <hex>"
    dig = ""
    parts = txt.split()
    if len(parts) == 1:
        dig = parts[0]
    elif len(parts) >= 2:
        if parts[0].lower() == (hash_algo or "").lower():
            dig = parts[1]
        else:
            dig = parts[-1]
    state["sidecar_digest"] = dig
    state["sidecar_done"] = True

    # If upload digest already known, verify now
    ud = state.get("upload_digest")
    if ud and dig and ud.lower() != dig.lower():
        # delete saved file if any
        try:
            sp = state.get("saved_path")
            if sp and os.path.exists(sp):
                os.unlink(sp)
        except Exception:
            pass
        self.send_response(422)
        self._common_headers()
        self.end_headers()
        state["stop"] = True
        return

    # If upload already done and matches, we can stop.
    if state.get("upload_done") and ud and dig and ud.lower() == dig.lower():
        state["stop"] = True

    self.send_response(200)
    self._common_headers()
    self.send_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
    self.end_headers()
    try:
        self.wfile.write(b"OK\n")
    except Exception:
        pass



def _handle_upload(self):
    if method_only and self.command != method_only:
        self.send_response(405)
        self._common_headers()
        self.end_headers()
        return
    if self.path.split("?", 1)[0] != want_path:
        self.send_response(404)
        self._common_headers()
        self.end_headers()
        return
    if not self._check_auth():
        self._unauth()
        return

    length = self.headers.get("Content-Length")

    # Choose output target: memory (default), explicit out path, or temp file
    out = None
    outfp = None
    outname = None

    try:
        if out_path:
            outname = out_path
            if mkdir:
                try:
                    parent = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(outname))
                    if parent and not os.path.isdir(parent):
                        os.makedirs(parent)
                except Exception:
                    pass
            if (not overwrite) and os.path.exists(outname):
                self.send_response(409)
                self._common_headers()
                self.end_headers()
                return
            outfp = open(outname, "wb")
        elif use_tmp:
            import tempfile
            tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
            outname = tf.name
            outfp = tf
        else:
            out = MkTempFile()

        total = 0
        if length is not None:
            to_read = int(length)
            while to_read > 0:
                chunk = self.rfile.read(min(65536, to_read))
                if not chunk:
                    break
                total += len(chunk)
                if max_size is not None and max_size >= 0 and total > int(max_size):
                    raise ValueError("max_size exceeded")
                if outfp is not None:
                    outfp.write(chunk)
                else:
                    out.write(chunk)
                to_read -= len(chunk)
        else:
            while True:
                chunk = self.rfile.read(65536)
                if not chunk:
                    break
                total += len(chunk)
                if max_size is not None and max_size >= 0 and total > int(max_size):
                    raise ValueError("max_size exceeded")
                if outfp is not None:
                    outfp.write(chunk)
                else:
                    out.write(chunk)

        if outfp is not None:
            try:
                outfp.close()
            except Exception:
                pass
            if print_save and outname:
                try:
                    sys.stdout.write("Saved: %s\n" % outname)
                    sys.stdout.flush()
                except Exception:
                    pass
            try:
                out = open(outname, "rb")
            except Exception:
                out = False
        else:
            out.seek(0, 0)

    except Exception:
        try:
            if outfp is not None:
                outfp.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            if outname and os.path.exists(outname) and (use_tmp or out_path):
                os.unlink(outname)
        except Exception:
            pass
        self.send_response(413)
        self._common_headers()
        self.end_headers()
        return

    state["out"] = out
    state["served"] += 1
    if state["served"] >= max_clients:
        state["stop"] = True

    self.send_response(200)
    self._common_headers()
    self.send_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
    self.end_headers()
    try:
        self.wfile.write(b"OK\n")
    except Exception:
        pass

        def do_PUT(self):

            self._handle_upload()

        def do_POST(self):
            self._handle_upload()

    try:
        from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
    except Exception:
        from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler

    try:
        httpd = HTTPServer((bind, int(port)), Handler)
    except Exception:
        return False

    bound_port = httpd.server_address[1]

    if print_url:
        bind_host = bind or "0.0.0.0"
        for u in _listen_urls("http", bind_host, bound_port, want_path, p.query):
            sys.stdout.write("Listening: %s\n" % u)
        try:
            sys.stdout.flush()
        except Exception:
            pass

    if idle_timeout and idle_timeout > 0:
        try:
            httpd.timeout = float(idle_timeout)
        except Exception:
            pass

    try:
        while not state["stop"]:
            httpd.handle_request()
            if idle_timeout and idle_timeout > 0 and state["served"] == 0:
                # timed out waiting for first upload
                break
    finally:
        try:
            httpd.server_close()
        except Exception:
            pass

    return state["out"] if state["out"] is not None else False



def upload_file_to_internet_file(fileobj, url):
    p = urlparse(url)
    if p.scheme in ("http", "https"):
        return _serve_file_over_http(fileobj, url)
    if p.scheme in ("ftp", "ftps"):
        return upload_file_to_ftp_file(fileobj, url)
    if p.scheme in ("tftp", ):
        return upload_file_to_tftp_file(fileobj, url)
    if p.scheme in ("sftp", "scp"):
        if __use_pysftp__ and havepysftp:
            return upload_file_to_pysftp_file(fileobj, url)
        return upload_file_to_sftp_file(fileobj, url)
    if p.scheme in ("data", ):
        return data_url_encode(fileobj)
    if p.scheme in ("file" or ""):
        outfile = io.open(unquote(p.path), "wb")
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        with io.open(unquote(p.path), "wb") as fdst:
            shutil.copyfileobj(fileobj, fdst)
        return fileobj
    if p.scheme in ("tcp", "udp"):
        parts, o = _parse_net_url(url)
        host = parts.hostname
        port = parts.port or 0
        path_text = parts.path or "/"
        try:
            fileobj.seek(0, 0)
        except Exception:
            pass
        ok = send_from_fileobj(
            fileobj, host=host, port=port, proto=p.scheme,
            mode=o.get("mode"), timeout=o.get("timeout"), total_timeout=o.get("total_timeout"),
            wait=o.get("wait"), connect_wait=o.get("connect_wait"), wait_timeout=(o.get("wait_timeout") if o.get("wait_timeout") is not None else (None if (p.scheme == "udp" and (o.get("mode") or "seq") == "raw") else o.get("timeout"))),
            window=o.get("window"), retries=o.get("retries"), chunk=o.get("chunk"),
            resume=o.get("resume"), path_text=path_text,
            done=o.get("done"), done_token=o.get("done_token"), framing=o.get("framing"), sha256=o.get("sha256")
        )
        return fileobj if ok else False

    return False

def upload_file_to_internet_bytes(data, url):
    bio = MkTempFile(_to_bytes(data))
    out = upload_file_to_internet_file(bio, url)
    try:
        bio.close()
    except Exception:
        pass
    return out


# --------------------------
# Simple CLI (optional)
# --------------------------

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Minimal command-line interface (kept intentionally simple for portability).
    # Examples:
    #   python pywwwget.py download <url> [output_path]
    #   python pywwwget.py upload <file_or_dir> <url>
    #   python pywwwget.py help
    try:
        argv = sys.argv
    except Exception:
        argv = []

    if len(argv) > 1:
        cmd = (argv[1] or "").lower()

        if cmd in ("download", "dl", "get"):
            if len(argv) > 2:
                url = argv[2]
                out = argv[3] if len(argv) > 3 else _guess_filename(url)
                res = recv_to_path(url, out, print_url=True)
                if res:
                    sys.stdout.write("Downloaded to: %s\n" % res)
                else:
                    sys.stdout.write("Download failed\n")
                    try:
                        sys.exit(1)
                    except Exception:
                        pass

        elif cmd in ("upload", "up", "send"):
            if len(argv) > 3:
                path = argv[2]
                url = argv[3]
                if os.path.isdir(path):
                    res = send_path(path, url, print_url=True)
                else:
                    with open(path, "rb") as f:
                        res = upload_file_to_internet_file(f, url)
                if res:
                    sys.stdout.write("Upload successful\n")
                else:
                    sys.stdout.write("Upload failed\n")
                    try:
                        sys.exit(1)
                    except Exception:
                        pass

        else:
            sys.stdout.write(
                "PyNeoWWW-Get v%s\n\n"
                "Usage:\n"
                "  %s download <url> [output_path]\n"
                "  %s upload <file_or_dir> <url>\n"
                "  %s help\n"
                % (__version__, argv[0] if argv else "python", argv[0] if argv else "python", argv[0] if argv else "python")
            )
    else:
        sys.stdout.write("PyNeoWWW-Get Library %s loaded.\n" % __version__)